Gender

Question 1

What is the gender agenda

Answer 1

Action plans and policies to combat gender inequality
Policies that advance women’s rights in the areas of freedom from violence, reproductive rights and the participation and political representation of women in the legislature

Question 2

What is the regional average of women in parliament

Answer 2

31%

Question 3

What two countries do not have a gender quota for the legislature

Answer 3

Venezuela and Guatemala

Question 4

What was the regional average of women in parliament before any quotas were introduced

Answer 4

13.8%

Question 5

In what year was the first Brazil gender quota introduced

Answer 5

1995

Question 6

What percentage of Brazilian legislators were female before 1995

Answer 6

6.5%

Question 7

What did the 1995 quota in Brazil introduce

Answer 7

For the following years municipal council elections at least 20% of all candidates for all parties were required to be women

Question 8

Want increase in the percentage of female councillors in Brazil was shown after the 1995 quota was introduced

Answer 8

7.5% -11.1%

Question 9

What quota was introduced in 1997 in Brazil

Answer 9

Parties had to reserve between 30% and 70% of candidacies for male and female candidates for the 1998 election

Question 10

Why were quotas in Brazil originally failures

Answer 10

Quotas were ignored

There were no sanctions

Question 11

When were sanctions first introduced in Brazil regarding gender quotas

Answer 11

2014

Question 12

What percentage of candidates are now women in Brazil

Answer 12

31%

Question 13

What percentage of legislators were women in 2018 in Brazil

Answer 13

9.5

Question 14

What rank is Brazil globally regarding women’s representation in the legislature

Answer 14

152

Question 15

What stereotypically patriarchal countries are currently beating Brazil regarding female representation in the legislature

Answer 15

Afghanistan and Iraq

Question 16

How did superior court justice Luciano Lossio describe Brazilian politics

Answer 16

“The political arena is a sexist, patriarchal environment that closes its doors to women”

Question 17

What percentage of cabinet ministers are female in Brazil

Answer 17

7.1

Question 18

How many female presidents has Brazil had

Answer 18

1 - Dilma Rousseff

Question 19

How many gender equality bills were introduced to the chamber of deputies during Dilma Rousseff’s presidency

Answer 19

475

Question 20

How many gender equality bills were passed by the chamber of deputies during Dilma Rouseff’s first term as president

Answer 20

27

Question 21

Why is it beneficial from gender equality to have more women in parliament

Answer 21

Equal representation

Women introduce more gender equality bills

Question 22

What percentage of male candidates finance do female candidates receive in Brazil

Answer 22

51%

Question 23

Why is a closed list PR system more beneficial for gender representation than closed list systems

Answer 23

In open lists there is no rank order of candidates in the list and voters select specific candidates for the party in each district. Seats aspire allocated proportional but based on the number of preferential votes. This means that even if a party gets 9 seats there is no guarantee a women will get any seats
In a closed list the party presents a rank order of candidates in each district and voters vote for the entire list
This insures that if a party wins 9 seats in a district 3 will be held by women

Question 24

What percentage of deputies in Argentina were women before they quota

Answer 24

4.2

Question 25

When was the gender quota introduced in Argentina

Answer 25

1991

Question 26

What is the Argentina quota law

Answer 26

30% of all candidates for all parties must be female

Question 27

What percentage of chamber of deputies members in Argentina were female in 1993

Answer 27

21.3

Question 28

What percentage of parliament seats are currently held by women in Argentina

Answer 28

38

Question 29

What percentage of women’s rights bills are tabled by women in Argentina

Answer 29

78

Question 30

Why might the high percentage of women in parliament not actually lead to representation

Answer 30

Low numbers of women in top positions

Question 31

What percentage of women have successfully been elected to executive positions in Buenos Aires

Answer 31

3

Question 32

How many mayors have been elected in Buenos Aires since the return of democracy in 1983

Answer 32

1180

Question 33

How many mayors of Buenos Aires have been women

Answer 33

29

Question 34

What is a famous quote regarding women and politics in Latin America

Answer 34

With few women in politics women change, with many women in politics, politics changes

Question 35

What factors cause gender policies to be more likely to pass

Answer 35

``` The issue challenges entrenched religious and class interests in a way that attracts allies from across the political spectrum A large amount of female legislators allows individual women to emerge as critical actors Executive branch officials- especially presidents and ministers- implement the policy which includes responding to legislators and civil societies demands for redress in case of noncompliance ```

Question 36

What percentage of Mexico’s senate are women

Answer 36

49

Question 37

What percentage of Mexico’s chamber of deputies are women

Answer 37

48

Question 38

Where is Mexico ranked globally for women in parliament

Answer 38

4

Question 39

When was the gender quota law introduced in Mexico

Answer 39

2002

Question 40

What percentage of candidates are required to be women in Mexico

Answer 40

30

Question 41

What percentage of Mexico’s chamber of deputies were women before the quota

Answer 41

16.8

Question 42

What percentage of Mexico’s senate were women before the quota

Answer 42

18

Question 43

How did parties initially avoid an increase in women being elected in Mexico after the quota was introduced

Answer 43

Didn’t provide the same resources Running female candid in districts the party never wins Forcing female winners to resign so men can take their place

Question 44

What did the 2014 constitutional reform do to gender quotas in Mexico

Answer 44

Increased quotas to 50% | Strengthened party guidelines

Question 45

Between 2014 and 2018 how many norms in penal and civil and family codes were reformed to reinforce gender rights in Mexico

Answer 45

450

Question 46

How has gender discrimination been reduced in Mexico

Answer 46

Misogyny made an illegal discrimination Stricter sexual violence laws Unequal pay made an economic and labour violence Justice centres opened to eliminate abuse against women Creation of national system of equality between men and women

Question 47

How much did the percentage of women murdered increase between 2015 and 2017 in Mexico

Answer 47

75%

Question 48

What percentage of women are in the workforce in Mexico

Answer 48

Less than 45

Question 49

How many managerial and leadership positions in the work force in Mexico are held by women

Answer 49

1 in 10

Question 50

How many commission chairs are men and women in Mexico

Answer 50

42 men and 19 women

Question 51

How many women are killed every day in mexico

Answer 51

6

Question 52

What factors have led to a failure of equal gender rights in Mexico

Answer 52

More spent on government advertisement than women’s rights projects Party factions led by men - one headed by women who is on leave Young women four times as likely to neither work or attend school Working women often part of informal economy without social benefits, living wages or protections Gender stereotypes

Question 53

How have gender stereotypes impacted Latin American women

Answer 53

Male violence considered normal Bolivia and Cuba 40 of men think that it is a women’s fault if she is drunk and rapped even if unconscious Machoism prevalent Catholic Church dominated by men

Question 54

What were the impact of the zika outbreak in 2015 in Brazil

Answer 54

Causes deformities in unborn babies Women told to postpone pregnancies Contraception not easily available

Question 55

How has gender violence been reduced in Brazil

Answer 55

1988 constitution included provision on domestic violence | 2004 - bodily harm law altered to specifically include domestic violence

Question 56

How has gender violence been reduced in Argentina

Answer 56

1994 constitution incorporated UN CEDAW

Question 57

Is abortion legal in Argentina

Answer 57

No - considered a crime against a life Except in cases of rape or if the mothers life is threatened 2018 abortion bill rejected by senate

Question 58

Is abortion legal in Brazil

Answer 58

No - considered a crime against a life | Except in cases of rape or if the mothers life is threatened

Question 59

Is abortion legal in Mexico

Answer 59

It is legal in Mexico City until 12 weeks | Illegal in most states such as Guanajuato

Question 60

What is the women in equality foundations

Answer 60

Argentina ngo created in 1990 to combat gender violence and discrimination by promoting welfare, participation and empowerment in political social and economic fields-now UN consultant Promoted the quota law Develop campaigns to raise awareness of and defend women’s rights, promote legislative changes incorporating equality in politics, education health etc -empowerment of women through training on issues of power, negotiation, leadership, articulation among women leaders, problem analysis and decision making