Gender

Question 1

Women are increasingly entering the

Answer 1

paid labour force

Question 2

In the wealthiest countries,

Avg __% of working time is unpaid

Answer 2

In the wealthiest countries

Avg 43% of working time is unpaid

Question 3

Estimated that the value of unpaid work in a national economy

Answer 3

20%-50%

Question 4

Who is doing the unpaid work?

Answer 4

Women do 2-3x more unpaid work than men

Question 5

Women work longer hours than men when…

Answer 5

unpaid work is unaccounted for.

Question 6

Globally, _% of men and __% of all women participate in the labour force

Answer 6

75% and 50%

Question 7

Spatial boundaries ______ by defining where people of particular genders __________.

Answer 7

Spatial boundaries maintain social boundaries by defining where people of particular genders “belong” or “don’t belong.

Question 8

How do spatial boundaries maintain social boundaries?

Answer 8

by defining where people of particular genders “belong” or “don’t belong.

Question 9

Gender

Answer 9

Refers to the attributes that a society/culture constitutes as “masculine” or “feminine.” It refers to social and cultural construction of masculinities and femininities

Question 10

Some jobs are associated with a particular gender. Why is this?

Answer 10

Stereotypes perpetuate realities.
Structural realities allow that to happen (for example, classical forms of north american education (and many modern forms of it) encourage certain genders to pursue certain careers)

Question 11

LABOUR MARKET SEGMENTATION THEORY

Answer 11

Explains patterns of over/under-representation not as the outcome of skills, interests, qualifications or experience, but as a function of rules that govern access to a particular employment sector and mobility within the sec

Question 12

Labour Force Segmentation explained

Answer 12

How the labour force can be segmented by labour skill, pay and security. Can also be segmented by gender.

Question 13

Essentialism and gender & labour

Answer 13

Humans can be divided into two groups (men and women) based on fundamental (innate, inherent, fixed, unchanging) biological differences

Men: more physically stronger and more rational (“logical”)

Women: physically weaker less rational (more emotional)

Question 14

Social Constructionism and gender & labour

Answer 14

Bodies exist on a continuum; there are no two fundamentally different types of human.

Example: Not all men are rational and muscular, and not all women are emotional, weak and caregivers

Question 15

What explains gender differences in the economy?

Answer 15

dominant society perceptions of men and women, which vary by cultural and historical context.

Question 16

In some societies, women do most of the agricultural work, in some societies, men do.

Answer 16

In some societies, women do most of the agricultural work, in some societies, men do.

Question 17

Patriarchy:

Answer 17

a system in which men are assumed to be superior to women and thus must have authority over them.

Question 18

Patriarchy’s system (6)

Answer 18

Household production 
Wage work 
The state 
Violence against women 
Sexuality 
Cultural institutions

Question 19

Problem with male dominated corporate enviornment

Answer 19

Femae employees participate less in informal exchange of knowledge or social networking.

May hinder career advancement
Issues of exclusion, discrimination

Question 20

Glass ceiling

Answer 20

Glass ceiling: ?

Because women can’t reach those higher echelons - they tend to earn less than men, even when doing the same job.

Question 21

Gendered jobs

Answer 21

Jobs ‘requiring’ a particular kind of masculinity or femininity