Gender Flashcards
gender - what do girls do better than boys in?
SAT’s english & science
gender - percentage of boys and girls that achieve 5A*-C
66% - girls
56% - boys
gender - percentage of girls that applied and got accepted to university
applied - 57%
accepted - 55%
gender - alevel
females more likely to get 3 passes
more girls stay in sixth form/further education
gender - problems remaining for girls
- girls outperforming boys draws attention away from girls underachieving (social class/FSM)
- girls do arts/humanities, boys do science/technology (higher status)
- women with similar qualifications as men achieve lower levels of success in employment
gender - women movement and feminism
women looking beyond traditional stereotypical role as their main role in life
gender - equal opportunities
emphasis in schools on educational opportunities, monitoring gender bias
campaigns aimed to attract girls into STEP subjects (WISE)
gender - growing ambition
increase in employment opportunities = more ambitious
more mother are now in paid employment - positive role models
sue sharpe - girls priorities 1976: sex, marriage, husbands, children, jobs, careers. 1994: job, career, supporting themselves
gender - girls work harder
put more effort, time, care
more organised; bring right equipment, meet deadlines
feminine identity involves supporting attitudes to schoolwork via pro-school peer group
gender - girls mature earlier
by 16, girls are up to 2 years moe mature than boys
more likely to view exams seriously
gender - spend leisure time differently
girls talk & eat which develops their language skills
boys play sports
gender - lower expectations (boys)
staff not as strict
creates self-fulfilling prophecy
gender - boys more disruptive
achieve peer-group says by aggressive behaviour
3X more likely to get excluded
gender - masculinity and the anti-learning subculture
peer group pressure encourages boys to develop anti-education/learning subculture to maintain dominant masculine identity
laddish culture
academic work seen as feminine
working-class boys risk labelled gay if appear hard-working
lack of positive male role models - teachers seen as feminine profession
gender - feeling and behaving differently
highly achieving girls play down their abilities to appear attractive as lack confidence and undervalued in classroom
boys overestimate their ability; able but don’t work hard enough
blame teachers or lack of effort when failing
gender - gender socialisation (subject choice)
- canalisation: children given different toys, activities and see parents with different roles
- gender stereotyping in books
- encourage boys and discourage girls from being interested in STEM subjects
gender - subject counselling
career advisors reflect their socialisation when helping pupils decide subject choice
gender - subject image
pupils have ideas of what subjects appropriate for their gender identity
females that take sport are stigmatised as butch/lesbian discouraging others
must express their femininity in other ways or seen as unfeminine
reinforce day peer-group pressure
gender - national curriculum
everyone studies the same subjects throughout secondary school
education reform act
gender - gender identity
children adopt gender-appropriate behaviour which conforms to gender stereotypes to fit in
gender - gendered verbal behaviour
boys dominant talk, interrupt girls
verbal abuse reinforces masculinity and patriarchy
gender - gendered physical behaviour
sit in different groups
girls resist schools passively (chatting), boys get into arguments
boys dominant physical space, making girls invisible (exercise of patriarchy)
gender - gendered pursuits
girls focus on appearance and pleasing boys
boys construct masculinity by boasting sexual activities
gender - gendered classroom behaviour/power
girls support boys (cleaning, helping)
self-confident girls that challenge their masculinity are punished by boys and ridiculed by girls - don conform to conceptions of femininity
gender - role of teachers
teachers expect girls to be quite, hard-working compared to boys
girls that don’t conform are punished heavily, boys are seen as ‘boys will be boys’
