Gender Flashcards
Gender similarities hypothesis
(Janet Hyde) The thought that males and females are more similar than they are different. Used meta-analysis to measure similarities.
Eagly and Carli
Authors of “Women and the Labyrinth of Leadership” Thought that there is discrimination at all ranks of a women’s rise in a company not a “glass ceiling” therefore they think a labyrinth is a better analogy. Women= communal (compassionate) qualities Men=agentic (assertive). Women in a double bind because they cant be too communal or too agentic.
“labyrinth” of leadership
Women that rise the ranks of a companys hierarchy encounter a labyrinth of difficult to overcome obstacles that try to impede their rise to the top. This is a counterexample to the thought of there being a invisible ceiling at a certain point where no women can get past the point. With a labyrinth there are obstacles at each level that can be overcome as opposed to a ceiling at ONE point.
“double bind”
Women possess communal qualities. Communal qualities aren’t seen in business leaders because they usually possess agentic qualities which are predominant in men. Women are in a double bind because they cant be too communal or else they look weak and they cant be too agentic because they look like they are being irrational.
Brescoll and Uhlmann
Conducted three studies on gender and whether angry women can get ahead. They came to the conclusion no.
“Can angry women get ahead”
Brescoll and Uhlmann came to the conclusion no because while ordinary people react positively to high-status men who get angry, they react negatively to high-status women who get angry.
Rachel Simmons
Author of “The Odd Girl Out”. Claims girls and young women are just as aggressive as boys and young men, but that aggression plays out differently.
“hidden culture of aggression”
Girls have just as much aggression as men they just don’t express it in the same ways men do. They try to use aggression in less apparent ways due to the social standards that say women shouldn’t be aggressive.
Indirect aggression
Indirect aggression allows the perpetrator to avoid confronting her target. It is covert behavior in which the perpetrator makes it seem as though there has been no intent to hurt at all. One way this is possible is by using others as vehicles for inflicting pain on a targeted person, such as by spreading a rumor.
Alternative aggression
Behaviors other than physical aggression, or traditional bullying. These forms of aggression are more covert than physical aggression. They include indirect, social, etc.
Conscientiousness
Conscientious, hard working, well organized. Competence, order, self discipline
Extraversion
Get energy from being out going and talking to people. Makes friends easily, likes to take charge, like to be busy.
Agreeableness
part of the big five- the tendency to altruistic, cooperative, and good natured. People high in agreeableness are considerate, compassionate, helpful, and willing to compromise. The truly like people and assume that they are trustworthy. Opposite is antagonism. Related to interacting with others.
Neuroticism
part of the big five- tendency to be emotionally unstable, tend to be upset by minor threats or frustrations, and are often in a bad mood. They are prone to anxiety, depression, embarrassment, self-doubt, self consciousness, anger, and guilt. Opposite of emotional stability. Related to interacting with others.
Openness to experience
part of the big five- tendency to be imaginative and enjoy novelty and variety. They tend to be artistic, nonconforming, intellectual, aware of their feelings, and confortable with new ideas. They prefer simple straightforward, familiar, and obvious to the complex, ambiguous, novel, and subtle. They tend to be conventional, conservative, and resistant to change. Opposite of closedness. More general.
