gender Flashcards
what are unmarked terms? examples
doctor,nurse,actor
what are marked terms examples?
lady doctor,male nurse,actress
What are asymetric terms?
terms that are supposed to be equal but aren’t e.g mr vs mrs/miss/ms
Inclusive terms?
firefighter,head teacher
patronising terms?
love,honey,darling
insulting terms
bitch,cow,slut
generic he/man terms
mankind
DEFICIT MODEL
what are otto jespersons key ideas?
-women use half finished sentences
-women overuse adjectives
-women prefer indirect expressions
-talk a lot
DEFICIT MODEL
what are criticisms for Jesperson
-based on fiction
-didn’t conduct studies so not based in evidence
-lacks relevance
DEFICIT MODEL
what were robin lakoff’s ideas?
-women use more verbal and non-verbal fillers
-women use hyper-correct grammer
-women use a greater range of intonation
-women overuse qualifiers
-women use super polite forms
-women use tag questions
-women use empty adjectives
-women avoid slang,course language
Criticisms of Lakoff
-not properly researched
-sample was MC women she knew
-stereotypes both men and women
DOMINANCE MODEL
who did pamela fishman research?
-grad students
-feminists
-age 25-35
DOMINANCE MODEL
What were fishman’s findings?
-found a use for tag questions
-tag questions are an affective way for women to maintain conversations with men
-questions gain conversational power,rather than a lack of awareness
-e.g ‘you know’ as an attention grabbing device
-women’s style of communicating is due to their inferior position in society
DOMINANCE MODEL
What were Dale Spenders?
-language embeds structures that maintain male power
-language is inherently powerful
-the power system is difficult to challange,the way we think about the world itself reinforces male power
DOMINANCE MODEL
what did zimmerman and west investigate?
-investigated uncooperative interaction features e.g interruptions
-whether gender affected the use of these features
-men interrupt eachother but interrupt women more
-men interrupted 46 times,women 2
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