Gender Flashcards
Gonads: When, What?
1-6 weeks, develop into sexual organs
- Uterus, Ovaries and Upper Vagina.
- Vas deferens, Testes, EpidydimaI duct.
Mulerian Inhibitory factor: What, When?
Secreted by XY embryo @ 8weeks, inhibits female sex organ development.
Oxytocin: What?
Love hormone, secreted more by females, secreted equally by females and males when shagging.
Bio Eval (-) Issues and debates..
Hard biological determinism…
Bio Eval (+) Money and Erdhart
David Reimer case study…
Bio Eval (+) Sam ward
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, high pre-nat testosterone levels linked to tomboy and aggression..
- case study support so sticky one.
Bio Eval (-) Tricker one
Tricker injected males with testosterone or placebo;
- no difference in aggression levels…
Symptoms of Klinefelters
- manboobs
- shrimp
- socially inept
- hips that don’t lie
Symptoms of Turners
- webbed skin
- clit-dick
- stunted growth
- aorta constriction
Atyp Eval (+) Diagnostics
Further studying, earlier diagnoses in atypical chromosome disorders, can help us learn to prevent/treat symptoms.
Atyp Eval (-) Social influence
Behaviour may be socially influenced
Atyp Eval (-) Causation?
Behaviour and abnormalities not causally linked.
Atyp Eval (+) Compare and contrast
Comparisons of physiology and physical differences and gender development can be made!!!
Kberg theory: stage 1.
Gender identity, 2-3yrs.
- Label selves at 2
- Label others at 3
- Gender changes with clothes you wear.
- May favour own gender.
Kberg theory: stage 2
Gender Stability, 3-4yrs.
- Egocentric
- Own gender is stable
- Others genders are flexible.
- Gendered tasks.
Kberg theory: stage 3.
Gender Constancy, 6-7yrs.
- Not egocentric anymore
- Gender is fixed (conservation)
- Seek role model for gender development.
Kberg Eval (+) Slab
Slab and Frey: kids watched f/m adult on split-screen
younger than 6 watched both equally.
6yrs favoured own gender more.
aligns with constancy description.
Kberg eval (-) Descriptive not
Descriptive not explanatory.
Talks about schema this schema that.
Where did schema come from?
Kberg eval (+) Thompson
Thompson found 76% could identify m/f at age 2,
90% at age 3.
Kberg suggests gender identification increases with age.
Gender Schema theory: Who, what.
Martin & Halverson, agree with Kbergs idea of schemata influencing gender development.
Difference is they think that we seek out role models much earlier and that SLT role model shit is much more important in gender development than Kberg makes them out to be.
Also believe that anything that doesn’t align with schemas formed within 2-3yrs is ignored so as not to affect their schemas.
Schema eval (+) Kids will be kids
Application into understanding how children form behaviours and ideas surrounding genders.
Also explains childrens same-sex ingroups.
Schema eval (+) martin and halverson
Showed kids pictures of gender-consistent images ad gender-inconsistent images.
Gender consistent images were recalled better.
Gender-inconsistent images were distorted to match schema.
Schema eval (-) reductionist.
reductionist.
Leaves out factors such as reward/punishment in schools which may shape and form behaviour present in kids surrounding gender.
Schema eval (-) descriptive, not..
Again, doesn’t really explain why gender schemas exist, does it.