Gender

Question 1

Hoey

Answer 1

Uses expression lexical priming to describe the way words develop connections through habitual use

Question 2

Julia stanley

Answer 2

There are a higher number of ptimiscuous terms for females (220) than males (20)

Question 3

Zimmerman and West

Answer 3

Analysed single and mixed sex convos looking at overlaps

98% of overlaps were men

Question 4

Androcentric

Answer 4

Idea that male pronoun is priority

Question 5

Robin Lakoff

Answer 5

Research in 70’s feminist movement
But Lakoffs research largely based in traditional values

Theory that children’s first language is womens language but boys learn ‘rough talk’ by 10

Question 6

Deficit model

Answer 6

Lakoff
Identifies characteristics predominantly in women’s language it tag questions “he isn’t here is he?”
These apparently show inferiority

Question 7

Dynamic model

Deborah Cameron

Answer 7

There are as many differences within the genders as there is between them
First model to pioneer gender as a socially constructed continuum
Supports idea of differences but neither is inferior

Question 8

O’barr and Atkins

Answer 8

American courtroom
Found language feature identified by lakoff to be primarily female ie hedges and tag questions can actually be attributed to power and status

So context is key

Question 9

Dominance model

Dale spender

Answer 9

Women, like children should be seen not heard, blames the patriarchy for women’s linguistic differences

Question 10

Pamela Fishman
(Dominance model)

Answer 10

‘Conversational shitwork’

Tag questions are a sign of power not weakness, as men don’t reply to declaratives

Question 11

Difference model

Deborah Tannen

Answer 11

Differences appear in childhood as girls are in smaller cooperative groups, boys in larger hierarchy ones

Neither approach is more superior