Gender Flashcards
Hoey
Uses expression lexical priming to describe the way words develop connections through habitual use
Julia stanley
There are a higher number of ptimiscuous terms for females (220) than males (20)
Zimmerman and West
Analysed single and mixed sex convos looking at overlaps
98% of overlaps were men
Androcentric
Idea that male pronoun is priority
Robin Lakoff
Research in 70’s feminist movement
But Lakoffs research largely based in traditional values
Theory that children’s first language is womens language but boys learn ‘rough talk’ by 10
Deficit model
Lakoff
Identifies characteristics predominantly in women’s language it tag questions “he isn’t here is he?”
These apparently show inferiority
Dynamic model
Deborah Cameron
There are as many differences within the genders as there is between them
First model to pioneer gender as a socially constructed continuum
Supports idea of differences but neither is inferior
O’barr and Atkins
American courtroom
Found language feature identified by lakoff to be primarily female ie hedges and tag questions can actually be attributed to power and status
So context is key
Dominance model
Dale spender
Women, like children should be seen not heard, blames the patriarchy for women’s linguistic differences
Pamela Fishman (Dominance model)
‘Conversational shitwork’
Tag questions are a sign of power not weakness, as men don’t reply to declaratives
Difference model
Deborah Tannen
Differences appear in childhood as girls are in smaller cooperative groups, boys in larger hierarchy ones
Neither approach is more superior