Accent And Dialect/ Social Groups Flashcards

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1
Q

William Labov

NYC Department store

A

Found that high end stores pronouns post vocalic/r/ in forth floor, middle class stores when they were asked to repeat it, and low end never

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2
Q

William Labov

Martha’s Vineyard

A

The native fisherman tried to diverge their pronunciation away from the tourists to create a social divide (overt prestige)

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3
Q

Milroy 1977

Belfast

A

Found people in high density relationships used more non standard lexis, and their accents were more reinforced.
measured the /th/ in mother and /a/ in hat

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4
Q

Peter Trudgill

Norwich

A

Found women think they use the prestigious variant more than they do, and men think they use it less than they do.
Measured the use of the -ing velar nasal

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5
Q

Basil Bernstein

A

Claimed working class students use a restricted code and middle class use both restricted and elaborated as they are more geographically, socially and economically mobile.

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6
Q

Dr Samuel Johnson

A

1755

Promoted a dictionary with standardised meanings and spellings

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7
Q

David Crystal

Accent and Dialect

A

Identified 5 characteristics of standard English

1) Not regional
2) distinctive grammar, lexis and orthography but not pronunciation
3) most prestigious variant
4) promoted by educational institutions
5) commonly used in printed texts

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8
Q

Accent

A

The tone and pronunciation of words within a region

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9
Q

Dialect

A

A form of language that is spoken in a specific region

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10
Q

Accent levelling

A

Where differenced between regional varieties are reduced

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11
Q

Connotations of regional accents

A

good natured, humurous, kind

criminality, violence, unintelligent

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12
Q

Connotations of RP

A

Intelligent, ambitious, wealthy

cold, snobby, rude

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13
Q

Williams (Milton Keynes study)

A

Found a melting pot of accents (accent levelling with older children
Could be due to less family interactions and more with young people)

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14
Q

Restricted code defintion

A

Informal spoken English often featuring colloquialisms, idioms and non standard English

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15
Q

Social network theory

A

A ‘Web of ties’ research focuses on the relationship between individuals and a group

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16
Q

Multiplexity defintion

A

The number of ways in which 2 individuals might relate to each other