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General Biology and Environmental Issues > GENBIO: Specialized Tissues in Plants > Flashcards

GENBIO: Specialized Tissues in Plants Flashcards

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1
Q

The three principal organs of seed plants.

A

Roots, stems, and leaves

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2
Q

Some functions of the three principal organs of seedplants.

A
  1. The transport of nutrients
  2. Protection
  3. Coordination of plant activites
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3
Q
  • They absorb water and dissolved nutrients.
  • They anchor plants in the ground.
  • They protect the plant from harmful soil bacteria and fungi.
A

Roots

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4
Q

These provide…

  • A support system for the plant body.
  • A transport system that carries nutrients.
  • A defense system that protects the plant against predators and disease.
A

Stems

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5
Q
  • A plant’s main photosynthetic systems.

- Increase the amount of sunlight plants absorb.

A

Leaves

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6
Q

Three main tissue systems

A
  1. Dermal tissue
  2. Vascular tissue
  3. Ground tissue
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7
Q

The outer covering of a plant.

It typically consists of a single layer of epidermal cells.

A

Dermal tissue

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8
Q

It make up dermal tissue.

A

Epidermal cells

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9
Q

A thick waxy layer that covers the outer surface of the epidermal cells.
It also protects the plant against water loss and injury.

A

Cuticle

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10
Q

In root, dermal tissue includes ___.

A

root hair cells

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11
Q

It provides a large amount of surface area and aid in water absorption.

A

Root hair cells

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12
Q

On the underside of leaves, dermal tissue contains ___.

A

Guard cells

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13
Q

These regulate water loss and gas exchange.

A

Guard cells

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14
Q

It forms a transport system that moves water and nutrients throughout the plant.

A

Vascular tissue

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15
Q

It is made up of xylem and phloem.

A

Vascular tissue

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16
Q

A water-conducting vascular tissue.

A

Xylem

17
Q

A food-conducting vascular tissue.

A

Phloem

18
Q

The specialized cells of the xylem.

A
  1. Tracheids

2. Vessel elements

19
Q

The specialized cells of the phloem.

A
  1. Sieve tube elements

2. Companion cells.

20
Q

All seed plants have this.
These are long, narrow cells that are impermeable to water. They are pierced by openings that connect neighboring cells to one another.

A

Tracheids

21
Q

Angiosperms also have this.

They form a continuous tube through which water can move.

A

Vessel elements

22
Q

These are phloem cells joined end-to-end to form sieve tubes.
The end walls of these have many small holes.
Sugars and other foods can move through these holes from one adjacent cell to another.

A

Sieve tube elements

23
Q

These are phloem cells that surround sieve tube elements.

They also support the phloem cells and aid in the movement of substances in and out of the phloem.

A

Companion cells

24
Q

Cells that lie between dermal and vascular tissues make up this tissue.

A

Ground Tissue

25
Q

Three kinds of ground tissue

A
  1. Parenchyma
  2. Collenchyma
  3. Sclerenchyma
26
Q

These cells have thin walls and large central vacuoles surrounded by a thin layer of cytoplasm. In leaves, this is the site of photosynthesis.

A

Parenchyma cells

27
Q

These cells have strong, flexible cell walls that help support larger plants.

A

Collenchyma cells

28
Q

These cells have extremely thick, rigid cell walls that make ground tissue tough and strong.

A

Sclerenchyma cells

29
Q

In most plants, new cells are produced at the tips of the roots and stems.
These cells are produced in _____.

A

Meristems

30
Q

It is a cluster of tissue that is responsible for continuing growth throughout a plant’s lifetime.

A

Meristem

31
Q

This is not a specialized type of plant tissue.

The new cells produced in this tissue are undifferentiated.

A

Meristematic Tissue

32
Q

As the cells develop into mature cells, they differentiate. As the cells differentiate, they produce dermal, ground, and vascular tissue.

  • It is the process in which cells become specialized in structure.
A

Differentiation

33
Q

It is near the tip of each growing stem and root.

A group of undifferentiated cells that divide to produce increased length of stems and roots.

A

Apical meristem

General Biology and Environmental Issues (8 decks)

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