GENBIO: Specialized Tissues in Plants Flashcards
The three principal organs of seed plants.
Roots, stems, and leaves
Some functions of the three principal organs of seedplants.
- The transport of nutrients
- Protection
- Coordination of plant activites
- They absorb water and dissolved nutrients.
- They anchor plants in the ground.
- They protect the plant from harmful soil bacteria and fungi.
Roots
These provide…
- A support system for the plant body.
- A transport system that carries nutrients.
- A defense system that protects the plant against predators and disease.
Stems
- A plant’s main photosynthetic systems.
- Increase the amount of sunlight plants absorb.
Leaves
Three main tissue systems
- Dermal tissue
- Vascular tissue
- Ground tissue
The outer covering of a plant.
It typically consists of a single layer of epidermal cells.
Dermal tissue
It make up dermal tissue.
Epidermal cells
A thick waxy layer that covers the outer surface of the epidermal cells.
It also protects the plant against water loss and injury.
Cuticle
In root, dermal tissue includes ___.
root hair cells
It provides a large amount of surface area and aid in water absorption.
Root hair cells
On the underside of leaves, dermal tissue contains ___.
Guard cells
These regulate water loss and gas exchange.
Guard cells
It forms a transport system that moves water and nutrients throughout the plant.
Vascular tissue
It is made up of xylem and phloem.
Vascular tissue
A water-conducting vascular tissue.
Xylem
A food-conducting vascular tissue.
Phloem
The specialized cells of the xylem.
- Tracheids
2. Vessel elements
The specialized cells of the phloem.
- Sieve tube elements
2. Companion cells.
All seed plants have this.
These are long, narrow cells that are impermeable to water. They are pierced by openings that connect neighboring cells to one another.
Tracheids
Angiosperms also have this.
They form a continuous tube through which water can move.
Vessel elements
These are phloem cells joined end-to-end to form sieve tubes.
The end walls of these have many small holes.
Sugars and other foods can move through these holes from one adjacent cell to another.
Sieve tube elements
These are phloem cells that surround sieve tube elements.
They also support the phloem cells and aid in the movement of substances in and out of the phloem.
Companion cells
Cells that lie between dermal and vascular tissues make up this tissue.
Ground Tissue
