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first prelim > gen physio lec > Flashcards

gen physio lec Flashcards

1
Q

Maintaning equilibrium in the body is called

A

Homeostasis

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2
Q

Study of Normal Homeostasis is called

A

Physiology

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3
Q

Study of Anatomy in different stages of growth

A

Developmental anatomy

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4
Q

Body Plane dividing anterior and posterior body halves

A

coronal or frontal

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5
Q

Plane dividing the middle of the body is called

A

Median sagittal plane

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6
Q

the System with the largest covering of the body

A

Integumentary

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7
Q

Main function of Cell division

A

Growth

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8
Q

System of the body with ductless glands

A

Endocrine system

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9
Q

Feedback mechanism that includes most control mechanisms

A

Negative feedback

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10
Q

plane dividing the body into upper and lower body parts

A

Transverse plane

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11
Q

Sum total of all chemical reactions within the body is
called

A

Metabolism

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12
Q

Elimination of waste from metabolic reactions is called

A

Excretion

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13
Q

study of body parts with the aid of optical lenses is
called

A

Microscopic anatomy

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14
Q

Largest organ in the body

A

Liver

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15
Q

The smallest unit of Life

A

Cell

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16
Q

Relation of the Potential to the
Concentration Difference

A

Nerst Potential

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17
Q

Major extracellular anion

A

Chloride

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18
Q

Major Intracellular anion

A

Phosphate

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19
Q

Stage where Sodium channels begin to close and the
potassium channels open

A

Repolarization

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20
Q

Phenomenon when the great excess of positive
sodium ions moving to the inside causes the
membrane potential to go beyond the zero level

A

overshoot

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21
Q

levels of organization

A

Cell
Tissue
Organ
System

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22
Q

Cells can be put into four groups

A

Neurons
Muscle cells
Epithelial cells
Connective tissue cells

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23
Q

sheet-like layer of cells

A

Epithelium

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24
Q

connective tissue

A

Bone
Tendons
Fat
Blood

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24
Q

Ability to maintain a relatively constant internal
environment

A

Homeostasis

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24
Q

Conditions of the internal environment which are
regulated include

A

Temperature
Volume
Composition

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25
Q

Difference between value of set point and regulated
variable

A

Error signal

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26
Q

Enabling Homeostasis Components

A

Receptors
Integrating Centers
Effectors
Signals

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27
Q

Receptors include

A

Thermoreceptors

Chemoreceptors

Baroreceptors

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28
Q

Responsible for body responses

A

effectors

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29
Q

Effectors include

A

-Muscles (smooth, striated, and cardiac)
-Glands

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30
Q

heat transfer by the movement of fluid or air

A

Convection

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31
Q

heat loss through evaporation of water

A

Evaporation

32
Q

thermal energy through contact

A

Conduction

33
Q

thermal energy as electromagnetic waves

A

Radiation

34
Q

Thermoregulatory center in

A

hypothalamus

35
Q

Two major parts:

A

Nucleus

Cytoplasm

36
Q

Five basic substances of Protoplasm

A

Water
Ions
Proteins
Lipids
Carbohydrates

37
Q

-little nut or stone fruit
near the center the center of the cell
Nuclear envelope
Nuclear pores
Chromatin (DNA and proteins)
23 pairs chromosomes

A

NUCLEUS

38
Q

Little nucleus
Sites of ribosome production (RNA synthesis)
Ribosomes then migrate to the cytoplasm through nuclear pores

A

NUCLEOLI and RIBOSOMES

39
Q

Proteins are produced
Free ribosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum

A

RIBOSOMES

40
Q

Forming sacs and tubules
2 types

A

ENDOSPLASMIC RETICULUM

41
Q

-lipid synthesis
-detoxification

A

Smooth ER

42
Q

-many ribosomes attaches
Protein synthesis

A

Rough ER

43
Q

Camillo Golgi (1843-1926) italian histoligist
Modifies protein structure
Packages proteins secretory vesicles

A

GOLGI APPARATUS

44
Q

Small membrane-bound sac
Transports and stores
Hormone isulin

A

SECRETORY VESICLES

45
Q

Membrane bound vesicles
Contains enzymes that digest material that taken into the cell

A

LYSOSOMES

46
Q

Break down fatty acids,amino acids, and hydrogen peroxide

A

PEROXIXOMES

47
Q

Small, bean shaped
Site of aerobic respiration
Major site of ATP synthesis

A

MITOCHONDRIA

48
Q

Proteins that support the cell,hold organelles, enable the cell changed
3 kinds of filaments
Microtubules
Microfilaments
Intermediated filaments

A

CYTOSKELETON

49
Q

That is the center of microtubule formation

A

CENTRIOLES

50
Q

Cylindrical shaped
Cilia move substances over surfaces of certain cells

A

CILIA

51
Q

Much longer
Flagellum
Propel the sperm cell

A

FLAGELLA

52
Q

-cell grows

-cells carries metabolic processes

A

Interphase

53
Q

-cell replicates its self
-produce more cells for growth and
repair processes.

A

Cell division

54
Q

Division of nucleus

Results in the formation of two daughter nuclei

A

Mitosis

55
Q

-division of cytoplasm

-begins where mitosis is near completion

-results in the formation of two daughter cells

A

Cytokinesis

56
Q
  • the chromatin condenses into
    chromosomes.

-each chromosome consist of two chromatids
joined at the centromere.

A

Prophase

57
Q

-the chromosomes align near the center of
the cell

A

metaphase

58
Q

The chromosomes separate to form two sets of
identical chromosomes.

A

Anaphase

59
Q

-daughter nuclei begin forming

-the chromosomes disperse

A

Telophase

60
Q

Cell death

Process by which cell numbers within various
tissue are adjusted and controlled.

A

apoptosis

61
Q

Polar but very small
so diffuses quickly.

A

Carbon dioxide

62
Q

Non-polar
so diffuses very
quickly.

A

Oxygen

63
Q

Polar but
also very small so
diffuses quickly.

A

Water

64
Q

Molecules have ,which makes them move
about randomly.

A

kinetic energy

65
Q

The molecules move down a

A

concentration gradient.

66
Q

is a good barrier around cells,
especially to water soluble molecules.

A

phospholipid bilayer

67
Q

There are 3 basic mechanisms:

A

DIFFUSION and FACILITATED DIFFUSION
OSMOSIS
ACTIVE TRANSPORT

68
Q

The basic chemical compounds involved in the
formation of DNA, this include:

A

Phosphoric acid
Deoxyribose
Four nitrogenous bases

69
Q

Located in the nuclei of all cells of the
body

Controls the heredity from parents to
children

A

Genes

70
Q

Controls the formation of another nucleic
acid

A

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

71
Q

Spread throughout the cell to control the
formation of a specific protein

A

RNA (ribonucleic acid)

72
Q

Four separate nucleotides are thus formed,
one for each of the four basis:

A

Deoxyadenylic acid
Deoxythymidylic acid
Deoxyguanylic acid
Deoxycytidylic acid

73
Q

Which carries the genetic code to the cytoplasm for
controlling the type of protein formed.

A

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

74
Q

Which transports activated amino acids to the
ribosomes to be used in assembling the protein
molecule.

A

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

75
Q

The physical and chemical structures on which protein
molecules are assembled.

A

Ribosomal RNA

76
Q

Which are single-stranded RNA molecules of 21 to 23
nucleotides that can regulate gene transcription and
translation.

A

Micro RNA (miRNA)

77
Q

It is terminated by a series of distinct
physical events called

A

mitosis.

78
Q

The degree of activation of the genes and the
formation of gene products are controlled.

A

Genetic regulation

79
Q

The activity levels of already formed enzymes in
the cell are controlled.

A

Enzyme regulation

80
Q

The code triplets in the DNA cause formation of
complimentary code triplets is called

A

codon

first prelim (8 decks)

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