GEN ANA2 REVIEW Flashcards by Kyth Potato

science study of parts of the human body with the naked eye-

GROSS ANATOMY

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

branch of anatomy dealing with several stages of growth of an individual

DEVELOPMENTAL ANATOMY

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

standing in an upright posture, facing straight ahead, feet parallel and close, & palms facing
forward

ANATOMICAL POSITION

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

divides the body or an organ into left and right sides-

SAGITTAL PLANE

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

divides the body or an organ into front (anterior) and back (posterior) portions

CORONAL PLANE

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

divides the body or an organ into upper (superior) or lower (inferior) portions-

TRANSVERSE PLANE

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

midline wall of tissue that contains heart and great vessels, esophagus, trachea and thymus

MEDIASTINUM

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

study of cells and its organelles-

CYTOLOGY

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

structure separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities-

DIAPHRAGM

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

directional term used in reference to the head or towards it

CEPHALIC

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The neck is the region of the body that lies between the lower margin of the mandible above
and the suprasternal notch and the upper border of the clavicle below

TRUE

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The root of the neck can be defined as the area of the neck immediately above the inlet into the
thorax

TRUE

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The scalenius anterior, elevates first rib, rotates the neck and to the opposite side

TRUE

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The right subclavian artery branches directly from the aorta while the left subclavian artery
branches from the brachiocephalic artery

FALSE

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Axillary artery is the most superficial portion of the subclavian artery, and is contained in the
subclavian triangle

TRUE

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cutaneous Nerves of the neck(greater occipital nerve, lesser occipital nerve, great auricular
nerve, transverse cutaneous nerve, supraclavicular nerve); except

NONE OF THE ABOVE

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Muscles of the root of the neck(posterior scalene M, inferior scalene M, Anterior scalene M);
except-

MIDDlE SCALEN M.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Branches of the 1st part of Thyrocervical Trunk of the subclavian artery(Vertebral artery, Internal
thoracic artery); except-

LEFT THORACIC ARTERY

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

branch of the 2nd part of the costocervical trunk of the subclavian artery(superior intercostal
artery, deep cervical artery); except

INFERIOR INTERCOSTAL

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

rue statements of the 3rd portion of subclavian artery (the third portion of the subclavian artery
runs downward and lateralward form the lateral margin of the scalenus anterior to the outer
border of the first rib, it becomes the axillary artery when it exits the first rib, it becomes the
most superficial portion of the vessel); except-

IS CONTAINED IN THE SERRATUS TRIANGLE

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Blood supply of the pharynx(ascending pharyngeal arteries, tonsillar branches of facial arteries,
branches of maxillary arteries, branches of lingual arteries); except

NONE OF THE ABOVE

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lymph drainage of the pharynx(deep cervical lymph nodes, retropharyngeal lymph nodes,
paratrachial lymph nodes, superficial cervical nodes, superficial cervical nodes); except

NONE OF THE ABOVE

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Characteristics of pharynx(situated behind the nasal cavities, the mouth and the larynx, divided
into nasal, oral, and laryngeal parts, funnel shaped, its upper wider end lying under the skull and
its lower, narrow end becoming continuous with the esophagus opposite the sixth vertebra,
pharynx has a musculomembranous wall); except

NONE OF THE ABOVE

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

UNION OF THE SKULL BONES CALLED

SUTURES

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

PORTION OF THE SKULL HOUSE THE BRAIN OR SKULL PORTION CONTAINING THE BRAIN

CRANIUM

NON OSSIFIED AREAS OF THE NEWBORN

FONTANELLE

THE 2 UNPAIRED BONES OF THE SKULL

MANDIBLE AND VOMER

INNERMOST LAYER OF THE SCALP

PERICRANIUM

FORAMEN HOUSE THE EYE OR CONE-SHAPED CHAMBERS FILLED WITH OCCULAR TISSUE

ORBIT

MUSCLE OF SURPRISES

OCCIPITOFRONTALIS

MUSCLE ENLARGES THE NOSTRIL

ALEQUE NASI MUSCLE

MASTICATION MUSCLE

MASSETER

TRUMPETERS MUSCLE

BUCCINATOR

GRINNING MUSCLE

RISORIUS

SCALPING INJURIES RESULT BECAUSE OF THIS STRUCTURE

SCALP PROPER

BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE FACE

EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY

VENOUS DRAINAGE OF THE FACE

INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN

THE SKULL WITHOUT THE FACE AND MANDIBLE IS

CALVARIUM

TOP OF THE SKULL IS

VERTEX

ANTERIORMOST PORTION OF THE FACE IS WHAT ORIGIN

NOSE

HAIR OUTGROWTHS OF THE NASAL CAVITY IS CALLED

VIBRISSAE

AIRSPACES IN THE SKULL WHICH ADDS TIMBRE TO THE VOICE

PARANASAL SINUSES

LARGEST OF THE PARANASAL SINUSES

MAXILLARY

THE FLOOR OF THE NOSE AND THE ROOF OF THE MOUTH IS SEPARATED BY WHAT STRUCTURE

HARD PALATE

THE CONNECTION OF THE ORAL CAVITY TO THE MIDDLE EAR IS CALLED

EUSTACHIAN OR AUDITORY TUBE

AREA IN THE POSTERIOR ASPECT OF THE MANDIBLE AND PTERYGOID PROCESS

INFRATEMPORAL FOSSA

THE FIRST DIVISION OF THE TRIGEMINAL NERVE IS CALLED

OPHTHALMIC NERVE

THE SKIN COVERING THE TOP OF THE HEAD

SCALP

THE ANTERIOR EXPRESSION OF THE HEAD IS CALLED

FACE

THE MUSCLE DIVIDING THE ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR TRIANGLES OF THE NECK

STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID MUSCLE

is the largest compartment and contains the brain and associated membranes (meninges) .

CRANIAL CAVITY

are the upper parts of the respiratory tract and are between the orbits .

NASAL CAVITY

is inferior to the nasal cavities, and separated from them by the hard and soft palates.

ORAL CAVITY

The anterior opening to the oral cavity is the

oral fissure (mouth)

is an area between the posterior aspect (ramus) of the mandible and a flat region of bone (lateral plate of the pterygoid process) just posterior to the upper jaw (maxilla) .

infratemporal fossa

is along the inferior margins of the mandible and bone features on the posterior aspect of the skull.

superior boundary of the neck

the neck extends from the top of the sternum, along the clavicle, and onto the adjacent acromion, a bony projection of the scapula.

inferior boundary

contains the cervical vertebrae and associated postural muscles.

vertebral compartment

contains important glands (thyroid, parathyroid, and thymus) , and parts of the respiratory and digestive tracts that pass between the head and thorax.

visceral compartment

contain the maj or blood vessels and the vagus nerve .

vascular compartments

is the region of the body that lies between the lower margin of the mandible above and the suprasternal notch and the upper border of the clavicle below.

neck

Respiratory system:

Larynx and the trachea,

Alimentary system

Pharynx and Esophagus.

is a branch of the posterior ramus of the 2nd cervical nerve. The 1st cervical nerve has no cutaneous branch.

Greater occipital nerve

hooks around the accessory nerve and ascends along the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle to supply the skin over the lateral part of the occipital region and the medial surface of the auricle

Lesser occipital nerve (C2)

ascends across the sternocleidomastoid muscle and divides into branches that supply the skin over the angle of the mandible, the parotid gland, and on both surfaces of the auricle

Great auricular nerve (C2 and 3)

emerges from behind the middle of the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.

Transverse cutaneous nerve (C2 and 3)

emerge from beneath the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and descend across the side of the neck.

Supraclavicular nerves (C3 and 4)

crosses the medial end of the clavicle and supplies the skin as far as the median plane.

Medial supraclavicular nerve

crosses the middle of the clavicle and supplies the skin of the chest wall.

Intermediate supraclavicular nerve

crosses the lateral end of the clavicle and supplies the skin over the shoulder and the upper half of the deltoid muscle

Lateral supraclavicular nerve

Enclosed laterally by the two sternocleidomstoid muscles; superiorly, by the lower border of the mandible; and medially by the anterior midline of the neck. Contains larynx, esophagus, and trachea

Arterior Triangle of Neck

- Bordered by the posterior margin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, the anterior margin of the trapezius muscle and the intermediate third of the clavicle

Posterior Triangle of Neck

4 parts of the triangles of neck ANTERIOR

submental ,submandibular ,carotid, muscular

anterior triangle of neck contains

larynx ,esophagus and trachea

viscera of neck

esophagus, larynx, parathyroid glands,pharynx,thyroid gland,trachea

The root of the neck is bound laterally by

first rib

The root of the neck is bound anteriorly by

manubrium

The root of the neck is bound posteriorly by

T1 VERTEBRAE

POSTERIOR TRIANGLES OF NECK

OCCIPITAL TRIANGLE AND SUBCLAVIAN TRIANGLE

ROOT OF THE NECK

CLAVICLE,SUBCLAVIAN VEIN,ANTERIOR SCALENE MUSCLE WITH PHRENIC NERVE ,SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY,BRACHIAL PLEXUS,MIDDLE SCALENE MUSCLE

muscle contracts, it appears as an oblique band crossing the side of the neck from the sternoclavicular joint to the mastoid process of the skull. It divides the neck into anterior and posterior triangles

STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID MUSCLE

THYROID GLAND

ENDOCRINE GLAND

SURROUNDED BY THE PRETRACHEAL LAYER OF THE DEEP NECK FASCIA

THYROID SHEATH

Moves as one with the larynx and the capsule

Thyroid

Suspensory ligament of the thyroid gland other name

berry ligament

Fixes the lobes to the cricoid cartilage

Berry ligaments

A branch of the eca

Superior thyroid artery

A branch of the thyrocervical trunk

Inferior thyroid artery

Arises From the bracheocephalic trunk or the aortic arch.

Thyroid Ima artery

Into the IJV

Superior and middle thyroid vein

Into the bracheocephalic vein

Inferior thyroid vein

Usually 4 in number

Parathyroid glands

Cartilaginuos and membranes

Trachea

Inferior thyroid arteries

Blood supply

Vagus,recurrent laryngeal,sympethatic trunk

Nerve supply

Muscular tube and 2cm long

Esophagus

Pharynx to stomach

Esophagus

Inferior thyroid arteries and veins

Blood supply of the esophagus

RLN AND SYMPATHETIC TRUNKS

Nerve

Ends by dividing into two main bronchi

Carina point

Starts form the lower border of the cricoid cartilage

Trachea

More constant in position,at the level of the middle of the posterior border

2 superior of parathyroid glands

Vary in position

Two inferior of parathyroid glands

The thyroid moves as one with blank and blank

Larynx and trachea

Two parts of the skull

Facial and cranial

Houses most sense organ and supports in mastication

Anterior or facial

Houses of the brain

Posterior or Cranial

The cranial is composed of 8 flat bones that are linked by fixed joints called

Sutures

8 flat bones

Frontal 2 parietal Occipital 2temporal Ethmoid Sphenoid

Cranial Suture

Coronal suture Sagittal suture Lambdoid suture

PASSAGE OF SUPRAORBITAL NERVE FOR SENSORY OF IPSILATERAL FOREHEAD.

Supraorbital foramen

PASSAGE OF INFRAORBITAL ARTERY,VEIN AND NERVE.

Infraorbital foramen

Passage of inferior alveolar nerve and vessels

Mental foramen

Passage of mandibular nerve

Mandibular foramen

Large opening that transmit nerves through skull.

Foramen ovale

Passage of middle meningeal artery,vein and mandibular nerve

Foramen spinosum

ARTERY AND NERVE OF PTERYGOID CANAL,VENOUS DRAINAGE

Foramen lacerum

Connects middle cranial fossa and pterygopalatine fossa

Foramen retondum

Largest opening where the spinal cord passes and exits the cranial cavity

Foramen mangnum

FONTANELLES ARE DIVIDED INTO FOUR PARTS

Anterior Posterior Mastoid Sphenoid

Two process of the development of the fetal skull

Intramembranous ossification Endochondral ossification

Five layers of the scalp

S-Skin C-Connective tissue A-aponeurosis L-Loose connective tissue P-Pericranium

Branches of facial nerve

T-Temporal Z-Zygomatic M-Maxillary M-Mandible C-Cervical

Division of the inferior pharynx

N-Nasopharynx O-Oropharynx L- Laryngophaynx

Larynx is divided into 3 region

S-SUPRAGLOTTIS G-GLOTTIS S-SUBGLOTTIS

Cartilages of the larynx

T-Thyroid C-Cricoid E-Epiglottis A-Arytenoid C-Corniculate C-Cuneiform