GEN EXAM 3 QUIZZES Flashcards
(185 cards)
A _______ frequently integrates into the host genome, forming prophages and utilizing a lysogenic cycle to manufacture new phages.
A. eukaryotic cell
B. virulent phage
C. temperate phage
D. bacteria
C. temperate phage
A _______ uses the lytic cycle to begin the immediate manufacture of new phages in the host cells.
A. eukaryotic cell
B. temperate phage
C. virulent phage
D. bacteria
C. virulent phage
What is true in both phage λ and HIV infections?
A. Cell lysis always occurs immediately after virus introduction.
B. There can be a long latent period where no sign of infection, such as cell death, is detectable.
C. Assembled viral particles are always found within the cell.
B. There can be a long latent period where no sign of infection, such as cell death, is detectable.
Which virus uses reverse transcriptase in its reproductive cycle?
A. HIV
B. Phage lambda
C. Both of the viruses use reverse transcriptase
D. Neither of the viruses use reverse transcriptase
A. HIV
Vaccines have been very useful in preventing viral diseases. In fact, they have lead to the eradication of smallpox from the world’s human population. Most vaccines result in the host producing antibodies (proteins that bind to specific amino acid sequences) that bind to specific viral proteins. What might be a reason why a vaccine for HIV has been so difficult to develop?
A. The low mutation rate of HIV
B. The fact that HIV genome is found as both DNA and RNA in a cell
C. The high mutation rate of HIV
D. The HIV virion is coated with cellular proteins
C. The high mutation rate of HIV
What is the genetic material in the T4 bacteriophage?
A. double-stranded RNA
B. single-stranded RNA
C. single-stranded DNA
D. double-stranded DNA
D. double-stranded DNA
Which is a property of emerging viruses?
A. May lead to a significant loss of human life
B. Recent origin
C. More likely to cause infection compared to other strains
D. All of these
D. All of these
If protein was the genetic material of TMV rather than RNA, what would be the result of the Fraenkel-Conrat/Singer experiments when using HR proteins and wild-type RNA?
A. HR type lesions, no histidine and methionine in the capsid protein
B. Wild type lesions, histidine and methionine in the capsid protein
C. Wild type lesions, no histidine and methionine in the capsid protein
D. HR type lesions, histidine and methionine in the capsid protein
D. HR type lesions, histidine and methionine in the capsid protein
You perform an experiment like that performed by Fraenkel-Conrat and Singer on TMV. However, in the first step when the viruses are reconstituted, you decide to add RNase to your HR RNA and wild-type proteins. What will be the content of the newly made viral proteins after the reconstituted virus is placed on leaves?
A. No new viral proteins will be made.
B. The proteins will contain histidine and methionine.
C. The proteins will not contain histidine and methionine.
D. The proteins will contain histidine and methionine, but not as much as HR proteins do.
A. No new viral proteins will be made.
What is the genetic material in the parvovirus?
A. single-stranded RNA
B. double-stranded RNA
C. double-stranded DNA
D. single-stranded DNA
D. single-stranded DNA
The HIV drug fostemsavir binds to glycoprotein gp120, which is a viral envelope protein. Based on what you know about the lifecycle of HIV, with what step do you predict fostemsavir interferes?
A. synthesis of viral components
B. attachment
C. viral assembly
D. entry
E. integration
F. release
B. attachment
A bacteriophage that is physically integrated into the host chromosome is called a ________.
A. prophage
B. heteroduplex
C. envelope phage
D. plaque
A. prophage
What was the outcome of the experiment that reconstituted two different strains of tobacco mosaic viruses that had different infection characteristics?
A. the difference in infection characteristics depended only on the RNA sequence of the virus strain
B. the differences in infection characteristics depended only on the protein coat
C. the differences in infection characteristics depended on an RNA and protein coat interaction
A. the difference in infection characteristics depended only on the RNA sequence of the virus strain
Imagine Rosalind Franklin had performed X-ray diffraction on double-stranded RNA as well as double-stranded DNA. What would be a key difference that she would have observed between these two molecules?
A. DNA double helices are parallel whereas RNA double helices are antiparallel.
B. A DNA helix contains about 10 bp per turn, whereas an RNA helix contains 11 to 12 bp per turn.
C. RNA forms a left-handed helix while DNA forms a right-handed helix.
D. DNA but not RNA forms a helical structure.
B. A DNA helix contains about 10 bp per turn, whereas an RNA helix contains 11 to 12 bp per turn.
The individual(s) who used ball-and-stick models to identify the three-dimensional structure of proteins was _______.
A. Hershey and Chase
B. Chargaff
C. Watson and Crick
D. Franklin
E. Pauling
E. Pauling
Avery, Macleod, and McCarty used the enzyme _______ to remove the proteins from the cell extracts.
A. protease
B. DNase
C. RNase
A. protease
Frederick Griffith is responsible for discovering what process?
A. transformation
B. transmission
C.replication
D. transduction
A. transformation
The purine bases are _______.
A. adenine and guanine
B. cytosine, thymine, and uracil
C. adenine and thymine
D. cytosine and guanine
A. adenine and guanine
The building blocks of DNA are called _________.
A. alleles
B. nucleotides
C. amino acids
D. codons
B. nucleotides
Which RNA structural pattern does NOT contain single-stranded regions?
A. Bulge loop
B. Internal loop
C. Stem-loop
D. Multibranched junction
D. Multibranched junction
The backbone of the DNA molecule is formed by ________.
A. peptide bonds
B. ribose sugars
C. phosphodiester bonds
D. nitrogenous bases
C. phosphodiester bonds
Adenine and thymine form _______ hydrogen bonds between them, while cytosine and guanine form _______ bonds.
A. 4; 3
B. 3; 4
C. 3; 2
D. 2; 3
D. 2; 3
What form of DNA is most common in living organisms?
A. R DNA
B. A DNA
C. Z DNA
D. B DNA
D. B DNA
How many origins of replication are there in a bacterial chromosome?
A. More than two
B. 2
C. 0
D. 1
D. 1