Gen Chem Flashcards
Ionic Compound
Metal (cation) + Nonmetal (anion)
Molecular Compound
2 or more nonmetals
Empirical Formula
Simplest whole # ratio
C6H6 –> CH
Molecular Formula
Exact # of each atom found in a compound
Structural Formula
Exact # of atoms and manner in which they are bound
Ionic Compound Naming
Name of cation + anion base plus (-ide)
Molecular Compound Naming
Prefix (di, tri, ect) name of 1st element + prefix base name of 2nd element with -ide ending
Ionic Bond
Electrons transferred
Covalent Bond
Electrons shared
-Polar covalent: Unequal sharing
-Nonpolar covalent: Equal sharing
Octet Rule Exceptions
- Hydrogen –> 2 electrons
- Boron –> 6 electrons
- Aluminum –> 6 electrons
- Expanded Octet
- Period 3 of higher (related to d- orbitals)
- Ones he gave in class: P, S, Br, Cl, I, Kr, Xe
Condensation
gas to liquid
Deposition
gas to solid
Sublimation
solid to gas (dry ice)
Physical Property
Property displayed by a substance that does not change its composition
-melting point, boiling point, color, taste, appearance, odor, freezing point
Chemical Property
Property displayed by a substance that does change its composition
-corrosiveness, flammability, acidity, toxicity
Homogenous Mixture
Mixture with uniform composition
ex) Apple juice
Heterogenous Mixture
Mixture not uniform in composition
ex) Salad dressing, smog
Mixture
Matter consisting of 2 or more pure substances that can be separated by physical means
Diatomic Elements
H2, N2, O2, Cl2, Br2, I2
Core Electron
Innermost electrons that occupy lowest energy levels
-Not involved in chemical bonding
-tightly bound
Valence Electron
Outermost electrons, occupy highest energy levels
-Involved in chemical bonding
-not as tightly bound
Physical Change
Change that alters state or appearance, but not composition
-Atoms don’t change identity
Chemical Change
Change that alters composition
-Atoms rearrange, creates different substance
Metals with only 1 charge
Group 1, Group 2, Sc (3+), Ag (+), Zn (2+), Al (3+)
Metals with multiple charges
Most of the transition metals plus Sn and Pb
Calculate Cation Charge