GEN BIO 2 Flashcards
capable of producing their own food using inorganic sources or sunlight
Autotrophs
rely on consuming organic matter from other organisms to meet their nutritional needs
heterotrophs
any of the group of multicellular eukaryotic organisms That have developed muscles and hence mobility
Animals (Heterotrophs)
can be found on land, in the water, in the air, and even in other organisms. They are capable of converting sunlight or inorganic substances into usable energy through processes like photosynthesis or chemosynthesis
Plants (autotroph)
Eat plants
Herbivores
Eats meat
Carnivores
All eaters
Omnivores
Eats detritus
Detritivores
Feeds on host’s nutrients
Parasites
Feeds on dead and decaying animals
Saprophytes
Obtain food by filtering out organic matter or minute organisms from a current of water
Filter feeders
transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and other essential substances throughout the body.
The Circulatory System
responsible for breaking down food into nutrients that can be absorbed and used by the body for energy, growth, and repair.
The Digestive System
substances that provide a source of energy and materials for growth and repair of the body.
Nutrients
the complex process of turning the food you eat into nutrients,
Digestion
connects all the cells, tissues, and organs of the body
The Circulatory System
the process when air is taken in and out of the body
Breathing
The delivery of oxygen to the cell and elimination of carbon dioxide and the release of energy
Respiration
The principal respiratory organs
Lungs
What animals have that allows them to breathe under water
Gills
monitor and respond to the internal changes, as well as external changes in order to maintain homeostasis
The Nervous System
The primary organ of the nervous system, which interprets signals from the environment, communicates, and coordinates body processes.
Brain
responsible for the movements you make
Skeletal Muscles
Partly controls the skeletal muscles that are attached to the bones
Central Nervous System (CNS)
a collective term used to represent the sex organs
gonads
produced by the testes and ovaries
gametes (Sex cells)
All life on earth is directly and indirectly dependent on _________
plants
Plants use specialized tissue, called ___________________ to transport water, nutrients, and the products of photosynthesis all over to the different parts of the plants.
vascular tissues
responsible for the transport of water and dissolved ions from the roots upwards through the plant
Xylem
transports sugars, amino acids, and some ions all through out the plant
Phloem
Leaves have __________ that can capture and process light energy in the process called photosynthesis.
chlorophyll
The _______ absorb inorganic nutrients and water from the soil
roots
The _______ transport materials between the roots to the parts of the plants
stem
Its function is to open and shut the small opening called stomata in between it.
guard cells
To allow water vapor and other gases to pass into in or out of the leaf when necessary, the ___________ contains guard cells.
lower epidermis
the growing or moving their stems, leaves, and roots toward or away from the stimulus.
Tropism
Plants response to light
Phototropism
Plants response to gravity
Geotropism
Plants response to touch
Thigmotropism
Plants response to water
Hydrotropism
________ are found in the region where the leaf connects to the stem and enables tropism.
motor cells
a male sperm-producing gametophyte
pollen
female sex cells are contained within ________
plant ovules
something that has equal proportions, steadiness, or evenness
balance or equilibrium
the maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment.
homeostasis
respond to change or stimuli to keep the system in its optimum condition.
feedback loops
has an ability to amplify itself.
positive feedback
In most cases, _________ is harmful, when used in a limited fashion, contributes to normal function.
positive feedback
the effectors of a process support the stimulus, increasing the production of the other product. A Feedback loop that amplifies the starting signal.
positive feedback
hormone that stimulates uterine contraction
oxytocin
the processes of maintaining internal balance or equilibrium.
Homeostasis
the body must be kept at a constant temperature of ______
37 °C.
Thermoregulation
Body Temperature
Glucoregulation
Sugar levels
Osmoregulation
Water and ion levels
Body temperature is monitored and controlled by temperature receptors in the _________
skin and brain.
The thermoregulatory center in the brain is the gland called the _________
hypothalamus.
the homeostatic responses if the external temperature drops
Shivering, Vasoconstriction
the homeostatic responses if the external temperature increases
Sweating, Vasodilation
The narrowing of blood vessels
vasoconstriction
The widening of blood vessels
Vasodilation
When cold, blood vessels narrow to limit the passage of blood and thus conserving a certain amount of heat which results in the turning pale in color.
vasoconstriction
During high-temperature, blood vessels dilate, allowing more blood to flow to release heat inside the body resulting in the flushing red in color.
Vasodilation
The human body is about 60-70% of ________
water
Loss of too much water in the body and can damage cells and organ failure.
Dehydration
the organ that filter waste products from the blood and control water balance in the body.
Kidneys
a type of sugar used by the body to provide energy.
Glucose
Blood glucose levels are monitored and controlled by the _________
pancreas
released when blood glucose levels are high
Insulin
released when blood glucose levels are low
Glucagon
One who’s body temperature vary with the environment
Cold Blooded
another term for cold-blooded
Ectotherm
One who’s body is capable of maintaining homeostasis despite the environment
Warm Blooded
another term for warm-blooded
Endotherm
tissues that causes primary growth (lengthening of plants)
Apical Meristems
Occurs at the tips of shoots and roots
Apical Meristems
Produces leaves and flowers
Apical Meristems
Causes secondary growth (widening of plants)
Lateral Meristems
occurs at the cambium
Lateral Meristems
produces barks on trees
Lateral Meristems
found in the epidermis that is waxy, transparent, prevents water loss
Cuticle
packaging tissue, storage, gaseous exchange, osmosis
Parenchyma
support, strength, flexible walls, can photosynthesize
Collenchyma
strength and rigidity,
Sclerenchyma
