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1ST Sem > GEN BIO > Flashcards

GEN BIO Flashcards

1
Q

Model organism for study of mitosis

A

Zebra Fish (Danio Rerio)

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2
Q

What are somatic cells

A

Body cells

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3
Q

meiosis is for what cells

A

sex cells

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4
Q

mitosis is for what cells

A

body cells

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5
Q

what is the division of cytoplasm

A

Cytokinesis

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6
Q

True or False. Prokaryotes can undergo Meiosis

A

False

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7
Q

2 Types of Nuclear Division

A

Meiosis and Mitosis

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8
Q

Haploid Nuclear Division

A

Meiosis

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9
Q

Diploid Nuclear Division

A

Mitosis

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10
Q

how many chromatids does a sister chromatid has

A

2

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11
Q

what is in the middle of a chromosome

A

centrosome

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12
Q

complex that holds together

A

cohesins

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13
Q

Where do cohesion takes place?

A

centromere

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14
Q

it is the counting of the number of chromosomes

A

Ploidy

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15
Q

there are more than 2 chromosomes

A

Polyploids

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16
Q

It has 2 chromosomes

A

Diploid

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17
Q

what type of chromosome and sex if the dominant parent is the father

A

X chromosome

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18
Q

what type of chromosome and sex if the dominant parent is the mother

A

Y chromosome

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19
Q

The 3 parts of the cell cycle

A
  1. Cell growth and replication of DNA
  2. Nuclear division (Mitosis)
  3. Division of the Cytoplasm (cytokinesis)
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20
Q

2 Types of Nuclear Division

A

Mitosis and Meiosis

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21
Q

In a cell, each chromosome is composed of how many DNA molecule?

A

One

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22
Q

Sister chromatids are held by

A

Sister Chromatid cohesion

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23
Q

It is the equal distribution of chromosomes into each daughter cell

A

Chromosome segregation

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24
Q

it is the number of chromosome sets in a species

A

Ploidy

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25
Q

it is the phase where the cell grows

A

G1 phase

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26
Q

it is the phase where DNA replicates

A

S phase

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27
Q

it is the phase where the prepares for mitosis

A

G2 Phase

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28
Q

5 stages of mitosis

A
  1. Prophase
  2. Prometaphase
  3. Metaphase
  4. Anaphase
  5. Telophase
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29
Q

it is the phase where the nucleolus disappears and the mitotic spindle begins to form

A

Prophase

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30
Q

it is the phase where the nuclear envelope breaks down

A

Prometaphase

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31
Q

it forms in each sister chromatid at the centromere

A

kinetochore

32
Q

it binds to the kinetochores

A

Kinetochore microtubules

33
Q

it overlap those from the opposite spindle pole

A

Nonkinetochore microtubules

34
Q

it is the mitotic phase in which spindle microtubules move the chromosomes into alignment at the spindle midpoint

A

Metaphase

35
Q

it is the spindle midpoint

A

Metaphase plate/Equatorial plane

36
Q

it is the mitotic phase where the spindle separates sister chromatids and pulls them toward opposite spindle poles

A

Anaphase

37
Q

it is the mitotic phase where the spindle disassembles and the nucleolus reappears and a new nuclear envelope forms where the cell has 2 nuclei

A

Telophase

38
Q

it is the mitotic phase in which it produces two daughter cells

A

Cytokinesis

39
Q

3 key checkpoints of the cell cycle

A

1.G1/s
2. G2/M
3. Mitotic spindle checkpoint

40
Q

it is the signals to dtop

A

checkpoints

41
Q

it is the checkpoint where it checks the DNA

A

G1/s Checkpoint

42
Q

it is the checkpoint to ensure that the copying of DNA is correct

A

G2/M

43
Q

it is the checkpoint to check if the chromosomes are properly attached

A

Mitotic spindle checkpoint

44
Q

it triggers different phases

A

Cyclins

45
Q

cyclin for G1 phase
cyclin for s phase
cyclin for G2 phase
cyclin for mitosis

A

1.Cyclin D
2. Cyclin E
3. Cyclin A
4. Cyclin B

46
Q

it is caused by continuous uncontrolled cell division

A

Cancer

47
Q

it is a growing mass

A

Tumor

48
Q

it is the spreading of cancer cells

A

Metastasis

49
Q

it is the mutated form of the genes

A

Oncogenes

50
Q

female gametes

A

Egg cell

51
Q

male gametes

A

Sperm Cells

52
Q

at fertilization, the nuclei of an egg and sperm cell fuse, producing a

A

Zygote

53
Q

it is the primary sex organs

A

Gonads

54
Q

Male gonads

A

testes

55
Q

Female Gonads

A

Ovaries

56
Q

it is the creation of gametes

A

Gametogenesis

57
Q

True or False. Meiosis divides 3 times

A

False, 2 Times

58
Q

it is the exchange of DNA in Meiosis

A

Crossing-over

59
Q

it is the version of a gene

A

Alleles

60
Q

it is 4 sisters chromatids

A

Tetrad

61
Q

it is the phase where crossing-over happens

A

Prophase I

62
Q

it is the forming of tetrads

A

Synapsis

63
Q

it is the sites where crossing-over occured

A

Chiasmata

64
Q

True or False. In Anaphase I the sister chromatids would separate and move to the opposite poles

A

False. Anaphase II

65
Q

True or False. In meiosis II the cells are still intact after Telophase I

A

False. The chromosome counting would be per cell

66
Q

How many cells would be produced after Telophase II and Cytokinesis ?

A

4

67
Q

True or False. Syanapsis occurs in Meiosis

A

True

68
Q

True or False. There are only 1 cell division for Mitosis and 2 cell division for Meiosis

A

True

69
Q

True or False. Crossing-over occurs in Mitosis

A

False

70
Q

True or False. the number of daughter cells in Meiosis is 2 and 4 daughter cells for Mitosis

A

False. 2 for Mitosis and 4 for Meiosis

71
Q

it is the reason for genetic diversity

A

Meiosis

72
Q

what are the 3 sources of variability of Meiosis

A
  1. Crossing-over
  2. Independent assortment
  3. particular sets of male and female gametes that united in fertilization
73
Q

the processes of formation of male and female gametes

A

Oogenesis for Female
Spermatogenesis for Male

74
Q

how many eggs can a female ovulate per month

A

1

75
Q

how many eggs are good for female to achieve sustainability

A

1

1ST Sem (8 decks)

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