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GEN BIO Flashcards

1
Q

Model organism for study of mitosis

A

Zebra Fish (Danio Rerio)

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2
Q

What are somatic cells

A

Body cells

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3
Q

meiosis is for what cells

A

sex cells

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4
Q

mitosis is for what cells

A

body cells

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5
Q

what is the division of cytoplasm

A

Cytokinesis

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6
Q

True or False. Prokaryotes can undergo Meiosis

A

False

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7
Q

2 Types of Nuclear Division

A

Meiosis and Mitosis

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8
Q

Haploid Nuclear Division

A

Meiosis

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9
Q

Diploid Nuclear Division

A

Mitosis

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10
Q

how many chromatids does a sister chromatid has

A

2

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11
Q

what is in the middle of a chromosome

A

centrosome

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12
Q

complex that holds together

A

cohesins

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13
Q

Where do cohesion takes place?

A

centromere

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14
Q

it is the counting of the number of chromosomes

A

Ploidy

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15
Q

there are more than 2 chromosomes

A

Polyploids

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16
Q

It has 2 chromosomes

A

Diploid

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17
Q

what type of chromosome and sex if the dominant parent is the father

A

X chromosome

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18
Q

what type of chromosome and sex if the dominant parent is the mother

A

Y chromosome

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19
Q

The 3 parts of the cell cycle

A
  1. Cell growth and replication of DNA
  2. Nuclear division (Mitosis)
  3. Division of the Cytoplasm (cytokinesis)
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20
Q

2 Types of Nuclear Division

A

Mitosis and Meiosis

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21
Q

In a cell, each chromosome is composed of how many DNA molecule?

A

One

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22
Q

Sister chromatids are held by

A

Sister Chromatid cohesion

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23
Q

It is the equal distribution of chromosomes into each daughter cell

A

Chromosome segregation

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24
Q

it is the number of chromosome sets in a species

A

Ploidy

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25
it is the phase where the cell grows
G1 phase
26
it is the phase where DNA replicates
S phase
27
it is the phase where the prepares for mitosis
G2 Phase
28
5 stages of mitosis
1. Prophase 2. Prometaphase 3. Metaphase 4. Anaphase 5. Telophase
29
it is the phase where the nucleolus disappears and the mitotic spindle begins to form
Prophase
30
it is the phase where the nuclear envelope breaks down
Prometaphase
31
it forms in each sister chromatid at the centromere
kinetochore
32
it binds to the kinetochores
Kinetochore microtubules
33
it overlap those from the opposite spindle pole
Nonkinetochore microtubules
34
it is the mitotic phase in which spindle microtubules move the chromosomes into alignment at the spindle midpoint
Metaphase
35
it is the spindle midpoint
Metaphase plate/Equatorial plane
36
it is the mitotic phase where the spindle separates sister chromatids and pulls them toward opposite spindle poles
Anaphase
37
it is the mitotic phase where the spindle disassembles and the nucleolus reappears and a new nuclear envelope forms where the cell has 2 nuclei
Telophase
38
it is the mitotic phase in which it produces two daughter cells
Cytokinesis
39
3 key checkpoints of the cell cycle
1.G1/s 2. G2/M 3. Mitotic spindle checkpoint
40
it is the signals to dtop
checkpoints
41
it is the checkpoint where it checks the DNA
G1/s Checkpoint
42
it is the checkpoint to ensure that the copying of DNA is correct
G2/M
43
it is the checkpoint to check if the chromosomes are properly attached
Mitotic spindle checkpoint
44
it triggers different phases
Cyclins
45
cyclin for G1 phase cyclin for s phase cyclin for G2 phase cyclin for mitosis
1.Cyclin D 2. Cyclin E 3. Cyclin A 4. Cyclin B
46
it is caused by continuous uncontrolled cell division
Cancer
47
it is a growing mass
Tumor
48
it is the spreading of cancer cells
Metastasis
49
it is the mutated form of the genes
Oncogenes
50
female gametes
Egg cell
51
male gametes
Sperm Cells
52
at fertilization, the nuclei of an egg and sperm cell fuse, producing a
Zygote
53
it is the primary sex organs
Gonads
54
Male gonads
testes
55
Female Gonads
Ovaries
56
it is the creation of gametes
Gametogenesis
57
True or False. Meiosis divides 3 times
False, 2 Times
58
it is the exchange of DNA in Meiosis
Crossing-over
59
it is the version of a gene
Alleles
60
it is 4 sisters chromatids
Tetrad
61
it is the phase where crossing-over happens
Prophase I
62
it is the forming of tetrads
Synapsis
63
it is the sites where crossing-over occured
Chiasmata
64
True or False. In Anaphase I the sister chromatids would separate and move to the opposite poles
False. Anaphase II
65
True or False. In meiosis II the cells are still intact after Telophase I
False. The chromosome counting would be per cell
66
How many cells would be produced after Telophase II and Cytokinesis ?
4
67
True or False. Syanapsis occurs in Meiosis
True
68
True or False. There are only 1 cell division for Mitosis and 2 cell division for Meiosis
True
69
True or False. Crossing-over occurs in Mitosis
False
70
True or False. the number of daughter cells in Meiosis is 2 and 4 daughter cells for Mitosis
False. 2 for Mitosis and 4 for Meiosis
71
it is the reason for genetic diversity
Meiosis
72
what are the 3 sources of variability of Meiosis
1. Crossing-over 2. Independent assortment 3. particular sets of male and female gametes that united in fertilization
73
the processes of formation of male and female gametes
Oogenesis for Female Spermatogenesis for Male
74
how many eggs can a female ovulate per month
1
75
how many eggs are good for female to achieve sustainability
1

1ST Sem (8 decks)

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