Gemetics Flashcards
DNA
DNA is found in your cell nucleus where it defines who you are and what characteristics you have, can be found in your hair, saliva and blood or sperm.
Chromosomes
The materials found in cell nucleus made up of lines of DNA. There are 23 pairs of chromosomes in your cell nucleus.
Variation
We are not identical to our parents. We have some similarities and some differences.call these differences variation.
Half of our DNA comes from our father and the other half from our mother
Sexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction involves combining genetic material from two parents.
In humans the nucleus of a sperm cell and nucleus of an egg cell fuse together.
Both the sperm and egg cell contain half of the genetic material.
Alleles
For each characteristic, you have two genes. One gene is inherited from your mother, and one from your father. These two genes may be the same, or different. Different forms of the same gene are called alleles. There are dominant alleles which need on out of the parents gametes to take over the characteristic and there are recessive alleles that need two alleles in the gametes to take over that characteristic.
Cystic fibroses
Cystic fibrosis is a disease caused by a recessive allele where you have a disorder physically and mentally which lead to other problems. There is a 1 in 3600 chance that you will get it in Canada.
Polydactyl
Polydactyl is a disorder where a child is born with an extra finger or toe. Because it’s allele is dominant, you will have a high chance to get it if one of your parents has it and can never be a carrier of the allele.
Selective breeding
Selective breeding is when animals breed for their specific features picked by humans.
Clones
By one parent undergoing a type of cell division which produces genetically identical new cells in the new organism
Since sex cells are not involved this is termed as Asexual reproduction.
Genetic engineering
When you take a Chromosome from an animals DNA and add it to another animals DNA so that their next generation may have that quality or feature of that animal that was taken the chromosone from.
