GE 1 Flashcards
What does the term ‘philosophy’ mean?
It means ‘loving knowledge’ or ‘loving wisdom’.
Who is Socrates and what is he known for?
A Greek philosopher known for his method of inquiry called the ‘Socratic Method’.
What was Socrates’ famous quote regarding knowledge?
‘I know that I don’t know.’
What are the three parts of the soul according to Plato?
The appetitive (sensual), the rational (reasoning), and the spirited (feeling).
What is Plato’s philosophical method?
Collection and division of ideas.
What is St. Augustine’s view on knowledge?
‘All knowledge leads to God.’
How did St. Augustine’s ideas relate to Plato’s Theory of Forms?
He was deeply influenced by it, viewing the self as an immaterial but rational soul.
What aspects of self/soul does St. Augustine emphasize?
Self-awareness, recognition of unity, and holistic awareness.
What is the famous phrase by René Descartes that encapsulates his philosophy?
I think, therefore I am.
What does Descartes assert about the senses?
Everything perceived by the senses could not be used as proof of existence because human senses could be fooled.
According to Descartes, what is the nature of the ‘self’?
The ‘self’ is constant, not prone to change, and not affected by time.
What does John Locke mean by ‘tabula rasa’?
The human mind at birth is a blank slate, and knowledge is derived from experience.
How does Locke define the ‘self’?
The ‘self’ is identified with consciousness and consists of sameness of consciousness, often interpreted as memory.
What is David Hume’s stance on knowledge?
All knowledge is derived from human senses.
What theory did Hume oppose?
Rationalism, which posits that reason is the foundation of all knowledge.
What is Hume’s Bundle Theory?
The ‘self’ is a bundle or collection of different perceptions that are in perpetual flux.
What are the strongest perceptions according to the text?
Impressions.
How does Immanuel Kant define morality?
As being achieved only when there is an absence of war due to enlightenment.
What does Kant believe about the structure of human experience?
The human mind creates the structure of human experience.
What are the two kinds of consciousness of self according to Kant?
Consciousness of oneself and one’s psychological states in inner sense, and consciousness of oneself and one’s states by performing acts of apperception.
What are the two components of the ‘self’ as proposed by Kant?
Inner Self and Outer Self.
What is the central concept of Freud’s psychoanalytic theory?
The proposed existence of the unconscious.
What are the three levels of consciousness distinguished by Freud?
Conscious, Pre-conscious/subconscious, and Unconscious.
What are the three parts of the psyche according to Freud?
ID, EGO, and SUPEREGO.