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GCSE Physics > GCSE-Unit2 > Flashcards

GCSE-Unit2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Total Internal Reflection happens only if the angle of incidence is greater than the…?

A

critical angle

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2
Q

Total Internal Reflection occurs at the…?… between two materials

A

boundary

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3
Q

The colour deviated least when white light is dispersed by a prism

A

Red

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4
Q

Object position for a camera lens

A

Beyond 2F

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5
Q

Image position for a camera lens

A

Between F and 2F

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6
Q

Object position for a magnifying glass

A

Between F and C

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7
Q

The nature of an image formed by a magnifying glass

A

virtual

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8
Q

Is the image formed by a magnifying glass erect or inverted?

A

erect

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9
Q

The image formed by a magnifying glass is …?… than the object.

A

larger

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10
Q

The …?… comes between the image formed by a magnifying glass and the magnifying glass itself.

A

object

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11
Q

Total internal Reflection cannot happen if the light is travelling into a …?… dense material

A

more

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12
Q

A star neither collapses nor explodes because the inward force of gravity is balanced by the outward …?

A

pressure

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13
Q

Fleming’s left hand rule predicts the direction of the force on an electric current flowing in a …?

A

magnetic field

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14
Q

In Fleming’s left hand rule the current, field lines and force are all …?… to each other

A

perpendicular

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15
Q

In Fleming’s left hand rule the first finger represents the direction of the …?

A

magnetic field

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16
Q

In Fleming’s left hand rule the second finger represents the direction of the …?

A

current

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17
Q

In Fleming’s left hand rule the thumb represents the direction of the …?

A

force

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18
Q

The most central layer of the Earth is the …?

A

inner core

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19
Q

The second layer of the Earth out from the centre is the …?

A

outer core

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20
Q

The third layer of the Earth out from the centre is the …?

A

mantle

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21
Q

The fourth layer of the Earth out from the centre is the …?

A

crust

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22
Q

The Earth’s crust is made mostly from …?

A

basalt rock

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23
Q

The Earth’s mantle is made mostly from silica and minerals of iron, magnesium and other…?

A

metals

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24
Q

The Earth’s core is made from …?

A

Iron and Nickel

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25
Q

Total current entering or leaving the battery in a parallel circuit equals the …?… …?… the currents in the branches

A

sum of

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26
Q

The voltage across each branch in a parallel circuit is …??…

A

the same

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27
Q

Equation for total Resistance of a series combination of resistors

A

Rtotal = R₁ + R₂ + R₃…

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28
Q

electrical power equation

A

P = VI

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29
Q

Electric energy equation

A

E = ItV

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30
Q

The process by which stars release energy

A

Nuclear fusion

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31
Q

Most …?… are found in orbit between Jupiter and Saturn.

A

Asteroids

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32
Q

Pluto is a …?

A

Dwarf planet

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33
Q

Equation for power….

A

Power = work / time

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34
Q

Wave Equation

A

v = f λ

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35
Q

Equation for total Resistance of a parallel combination of resistors

A

1/Rtotal = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ + 1/R₃

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36
Q

Alternative equation for total resistance of a parallel combination of 2 resistors only.

A

Rtotal = product/sum

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37
Q

Equation for Ohm’s Law

A

V = IR

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38
Q

Equation to find energy used in kilowatt-hours (kWh)

A

kWh = power in kW x time in hours

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39
Q

The size and direction of direct current (d.c) are both …?

A

constant

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40
Q

The size and direction of alternating current (a.c) both continually…?

A

change.

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41
Q

Turns-ratio equation for a transformer

A

Vs/Vp = ns/np

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42
Q

Power equation for a transformer

A

VpIp = VsIs

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43
Q

The angle of incidence …?… the angle of reflection

A

equals

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44
Q

Light entering a more dense material will bend …?… the normal

A

towards

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45
Q

Light entering a …?… dense material will bend away from the normal

A

less

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46
Q

For echo-location, the distance to the reflecting surface is equal to…?

A

1/2 x speed of sound x echo time

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47
Q

The outward pressure in a star is maintained by the nuclear …?… reactions inside it

A

fusion

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48
Q

Stars are made mostly of …?…

A

Hydrogen

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49
Q

The prefix kilo (k) means…

A

thousand

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50
Q

The prefix Mega (M) means…

A

million

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51
Q

The prefix milli (m) means…

A

thousandth

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52
Q

The prefix micro (µ) means…

A

millionth

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53
Q

The unit for power

A

Watt (W)

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54
Q

Equation for total voltage across cells in series

A

V = V₁+V₂+V₃ + …

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55
Q

Equation for the total voltage across components in a series circuit

A

V = V₁ + V₂+ V₃ + …

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56
Q

The current in series circuit is …?

A

the same everywhere.

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57
Q

Charging by friction happens when …?… are transferred from one object to another by rubbing.

A

electrons

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58
Q

The equation that links electric current and charge

A

Q = It

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59
Q

The voltage across each branch in a parallel circuit equals the…?

A

supply voltage

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60
Q

In charging by friction, the object that loses electrons becomes …?… charged

A

positively

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61
Q

The unit for work or energy is the …?

A

Joule (J)

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62
Q

As the current through a filament lamp increases the resistance of the filament …?

A

increases

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63
Q

A component which allows electric current to flow through itself only in one direction is called a …?

A

Diode

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64
Q

The unit of electrical resistance is the …?

A

Ohm (Ω)

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65
Q

The unit of electrical current is the …?

A

Ampere (A)

66
Q

The unit of electrical potential difference is the …?

A

Volt (V)

67
Q

The name of the closest planet to the Sun

A

Mercury

68
Q

The name of the planet between Mercury and Earth

A

Venus

69
Q

The name of the third planet from the Sun

A

Earth

70
Q

The name of the next furthest planet from the Sun after the Earth

A

Mars

71
Q

The name of the planet immediately beyond Mars

A

Jupiter

72
Q

The name of the sixth planet from the Sun

A

Saturn

73
Q

The name of the seventh planet from the Sun

A

Uranus

74
Q

The name of the eighth planet from the Sun

A

Neptune

75
Q

The four outer planets in the Solar System are ..?.. giants

A

gas

76
Q

How the stars provide evidence for a heliocentric model of the Solar System

A

Stellar Parallax

77
Q

How planets beyond the Earth (like Mars) provide evidence for a heliocentric model of the Solar System

A

Retrograde motion

78
Q

What behaviour of Venus provides evidence for a heliocentric model of the Solar System?

A

Phases

79
Q

The member of the electromagnetic spectrum with the shortest wavelength

A

Gamma

80
Q

The member of the electromagnetic spectrum with the second-shortest wavelength

A

X-rays

81
Q

The member of the electromagnetic spectrum with the next longest wavelength after X-rays

A

Ultra-Violet

82
Q

The fourth member of the electromagnetic spectrum in order of increasing wavelength

A

Visible Light

83
Q

The member of the electromagnetic spectrum with the next longest wavelength after Visible Light

A

Infra-Red

84
Q

The member of the electromagnetic spectrum with the second-longest wavelength

A

Microwaves

85
Q

The member of the electromagnetic spectrum with the longest wavelength

A

Radio

86
Q

How light from distant galaxies provides supporting evidence for the Big Bang Theory

A

Galactic Red Shift

87
Q

One observation that seems to provide supporting evidence for the Big Bang Theory is called the Cosmic …?… Background Radiation

A

Microwave

88
Q

The observed relative abundances of Hydrogen and …?… seem to provide supporting evidence for the Big Bang Theory

A

Helium

89
Q

The yellow and green wire in a three-pin plug is the …?… wire

A

Earth

90
Q

A good electrical conductor is a good electrical conductor because it possesses …??

A

free electrons

91
Q

A graph of I against V for a piece of metal wire at constant temperature is a …?????

A

straight line through the origin

92
Q

A graph of I against V for a light-bulb filament curves from …?… to shallow

A

steep

93
Q

Electrical current passing through a metal heats it up because of collisions between free electrons and the …?… in the metal

A

ions

94
Q

The total resistance R of two identical resistors r connected in parallel is …?

A

r/2

95
Q

What like charges do to each other

A

repel

96
Q

If the length of a piece of wire is increased its resistance…?

A

increases

97
Q

If the diameter of a piece of wire is increased its resistance…?

A

decreases

98
Q

The Earth wire and …?… together protect the user from electric shock and the equipment from damage.

A

fuse

99
Q

The magnetic field produced by a current flowing through a coil of wire has the same shape as the field caused by a …??

A

bar magnet

100
Q

If the current flow in a coil is clockwise as seen from one end of the coil, then that end is a …?… pole

A

South

101
Q

If the number of turns per cm on a current-carrying coil is increased, then the strength of its magnetic field …?

A

increases

102
Q

If the current flowing through a coil is decreased, then the strength of its magnetic field …?

A

decreases

103
Q

The strength of the magnetic field caused by a current-carrying coil will increase if it is given a core made of …?

A

iron

104
Q

If a conductor and/or magnet is moved so that the conductor cuts across magnetic field lines, then …?… …?… is induced in the conductor

A

electric current

105
Q

If the current flowing through a coil is changed, then electric current is …?… in a nearby second coil.

A

induced

106
Q

Step-up and step-down transformers help to …?… power losses in power lines.

A

reduce

107
Q

Nuclear fusion in a star turns Hydrogen into …?

A

Helium

108
Q

The name given to the layer of the Earth made up of the crust and the solid portion of the upper mantle is the …?

A

lithosphere

109
Q

Travelling waves transfer …?… from one point to another

A

energy

110
Q

A wave in which the direction of wave motion is perpendicular to the direction of particle vibration is a …?… wave.

A

transverse

111
Q

A wave in which the direction of wave motion is parallel to the direction of particle vibration is a …?… wave

A

longitudinal

112
Q

Sound is a …?… wave.

A

longitudinal

113
Q

The Law of Reflection says that the angle of incidence …?… the angle of reflection.

A

equals

114
Q

The nature of the image formed by a plane mirror

A

virtual

115
Q

The line joining an object and its image in a plane mirror is …?… to the mirror

A

perpendicular

116
Q

The distance from an object to a plane mirror is …?… …?… the distance from its image to the plane mirror.

A

equal to

117
Q

The colour deviated most when white light is dispersed by a prism

A

violet

118
Q

A comet is made of rock and …?

A

ice

119
Q

The gas and dust around the core of a comet form its …?

A

coma

120
Q

The tail of a comet is made of dust and …?

A

gas

121
Q

When gravity compresses a cloud of Hydrogen so much that its temperature reaches 15 million degrees Celsius, the cloud becomes a …?

A

star

122
Q

It is believed that the outer planets are gaseous because when the Sun began to shine, its …?.. blew most remaining gas away to the outer regions of the Solar System.

A

radiation

123
Q

It is believed that the inner rocky planets were formed by …?… pulling dust particles together.

A

gravity

124
Q

The time taken for a geosynchronous satellite to complete one orbit of the Earth

A

24 hours

125
Q

The orbit of a geosynchronous satellite must be directly above the …?

A

equator

126
Q

Geosynchronous satellites are used for …?

A

communications

127
Q

Is the image formed by a camera lens real or virtual?

A

real

128
Q

Is the image formed by a camera lens upright or inverted?

A

inverted

129
Q

Is the image formed by a camera lens larger or smaller than the object?

A

smaller

130
Q

Is the image formed by a camera lens laterally inverted?

A

yes

131
Q

The experimental variable that you directly change is called the …?… variable.

A

independent

132
Q

The experimental variable that you expect to change as a result of any change you make in the independent variable is called the …?… variable

A

dependent

133
Q

Any experimental variable that you keep constant during the experiment to prevent it influencing the results is called a …?… variable

A

controlled

134
Q

An experiment that truly tests your hypothesis is …?

A

valid

135
Q

If your results are repeatable and they provide strong evidence for your conclusion then your results are …?

A

reliable

136
Q

For results to be reliable they will need to cover a …?… enough range.

A

wide

137
Q

Increasing the number of results will …?… the reliability

A

increase

138
Q

Repeating measurements will increase their …?

A

reliability

139
Q

Repeated measurements that are clumped around the true value of the variable are …?

A

accurate

140
Q

Repeated measurements that are close to each other are …?

A

precise

141
Q

If the dependent variable is always equal to the independent variable multiplied by some constant then the variables are …??

A

directly proportional

142
Q

If two variables (x and y) are directly proportional then a graph of one plotted against the other will be a …?????

A

straight line through the origin

143
Q

If two variables (x and y) are directly proportional then one divided by the other will always approximately equal a …?

A

constant

144
Q

When repeated measurements are equally spread above and below the true value the uncertainty is …?

A

random

145
Q

When repeated measurements are either all above or all below the true value the uncertainty is …

A

systematic

146
Q

If two variables (x and y) are indirectly proportional then a graph of one plotted against the other will be a …?????

A

1/x type curve in which y decreases as x increases

147
Q

If two variables (x and y) are indirectly proportional then a graph y plotted against 1/x will be a …?????

A

straight line through the origin.

148
Q

If two variables (x and y) are indirectly proportional then a constant will be obtained by… ? …y by x.

A

multiplying

149
Q

If two variables (x and y) are indirectly proportional then the equation connecting them is …

A

y = k/x

150
Q

If two variables (x and y) are directly proportional then the equation connecting them is…

A

y = kx

151
Q

If two variables (x and y) are directly proportional then a constant is obtained by …?… y by x

A

dividing

152
Q

If two variables (x and y) are directly proportional then the constant of proportionality equals the …?… of a graph of y against x.

A

gradient

153
Q

If two variables (x and y) are indirectly proportional then the gradient of a graph of y against 1/x equals…????

A

the constant of proportionality

154
Q

Equation for the force F on a straight conductor of length L carrying a current I at right angles to a magnetic field of strength B.

A

F = BIL

155
Q

When light travelling from a more dense to a less dense material is incident at the critical angle, the angle of refraction is…?

A

90 degrees

156
Q

What angles are needed in a triangular prism to turn a light ray through 90 or 180 degrees?

A

90 - 45 - 45 degrees

157
Q

An anomalous experimental result is one which …

A

does not fit in with the pattern established by the other results.

158
Q

How would you deal with an anomalous result if you still have access to the experimental apparatus?

A

Repeat the measurement.

159
Q

How would you deal with an anomalous result if you do not have access to the experimental apparatus?

A

Ignore that result when plotting a best-fit graph line or when calculating a mean value. In your evaluation, explain why you have ignored that result and suggest possible causes for the anomaly.

160
Q

What happens to the speed of light when it enters a more dense material?

A

It slows down.

GCSE Physics (11 decks)

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