GCSE-Unit2 Flashcards
1
Q
Total Internal Reflection happens only if the angle of incidence is greater than the…?
A
critical angle
2
Q
Total Internal Reflection occurs at the…?… between two materials
A
boundary
3
Q
The colour deviated least when white light is dispersed by a prism
A
Red
4
Q
Object position for a camera lens
A
Beyond 2F
5
Q
Image position for a camera lens
A
Between F and 2F
6
Q
Object position for a magnifying glass
A
Between F and C
7
Q
The nature of an image formed by a magnifying glass
A
virtual
8
Q
Is the image formed by a magnifying glass erect or inverted?
A
erect
9
Q
The image formed by a magnifying glass is …?… than the object.
A
larger
10
Q
The …?… comes between the image formed by a magnifying glass and the magnifying glass itself.
A
object
11
Q
Total internal Reflection cannot happen if the light is travelling into a …?… dense material
A
more
12
Q
A star neither collapses nor explodes because the inward force of gravity is balanced by the outward …?
A
pressure
13
Q
Fleming’s left hand rule predicts the direction of the force on an electric current flowing in a …?
A
magnetic field
14
Q
In Fleming’s left hand rule the current, field lines and force are all …?… to each other
A
perpendicular
15
Q
In Fleming’s left hand rule the first finger represents the direction of the …?
A
magnetic field
16
Q
In Fleming’s left hand rule the second finger represents the direction of the …?
A
current
17
Q
In Fleming’s left hand rule the thumb represents the direction of the …?
A
force
18
Q
The most central layer of the Earth is the …?
A
inner core
19
Q
The second layer of the Earth out from the centre is the …?
A
outer core
20
Q
The third layer of the Earth out from the centre is the …?
A
mantle
21
Q
The fourth layer of the Earth out from the centre is the …?
A
crust
22
Q
The Earth’s crust is made mostly from …?
A
basalt rock
23
Q
The Earth’s mantle is made mostly from silica and minerals of iron, magnesium and other…?
A
metals
24
Q
The Earth’s core is made from …?
A
Iron and Nickel
25
Total current entering or leaving the battery in a parallel circuit equals the ...?... ...?... the currents in the branches
sum of
26
The voltage across each branch in a parallel circuit is ...??...
the same
27
Equation for total Resistance of a series combination of resistors
Rtotal = R₁ + R₂ + R₃...
28
electrical power equation
P = VI
29
Electric energy equation
E = ItV
30
The process by which stars release energy
Nuclear fusion
31
Most ...?... are found in orbit between Jupiter and Saturn.
Asteroids
32
Pluto is a ...?
Dwarf planet
33
Equation for power....
Power = work / time
34
Wave Equation
v = f λ
35
Equation for total Resistance of a parallel combination of resistors
1/Rtotal = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ + 1/R₃
36
Alternative equation for total resistance of a parallel combination of 2 resistors only.
Rtotal = product/sum
37
Equation for Ohm's Law
V = IR
38
Equation to find energy used in kilowatt-hours (kWh)
kWh = power in kW x time in hours
39
The size and direction of direct current (d.c) are both ...?
constant
40
The size and direction of alternating current (a.c) both continually...?
change.
41
Turns-ratio equation for a transformer
Vs/Vp = ns/np
42
Power equation for a transformer
VpIp = VsIs
43
The angle of incidence ...?... the angle of reflection
equals
44
Light entering a more dense material will bend ...?... the normal
towards
45
Light entering a ...?... dense material will bend away from the normal
less
46
For echo-location, the distance to the reflecting surface is equal to...?
1/2 x speed of sound x echo time
47
The outward pressure in a star is maintained by the nuclear ...?... reactions inside it
fusion
48
Stars are made mostly of ...?...
Hydrogen
49
The prefix kilo (k) means...
thousand
50
The prefix Mega (M) means...
million
51
The prefix milli (m) means...
thousandth
52
The prefix micro (µ) means...
millionth
53
The unit for power
Watt (W)
54
Equation for total voltage across cells in series
V = V₁+V₂+V₃ + ...
55
Equation for the total voltage across components in a series circuit
V = V₁ + V₂+ V₃ + ...
56
The current in series circuit is ...?
the same everywhere.
57
Charging by friction happens when ...?... are transferred from one object to another by rubbing.
electrons
58
The equation that links electric current and charge
Q = It
59
The voltage across each branch in a parallel circuit equals the...?
supply voltage
60
In charging by friction, the object that loses electrons becomes ...?... charged
positively
61
The unit for work or energy is the ...?
Joule (J)
62
As the current through a filament lamp increases the resistance of the filament ...?
increases
63
A component which allows electric current to flow through itself only in one direction is called a ...?
Diode
64
The unit of electrical resistance is the ...?
Ohm (Ω)
65
The unit of electrical current is the ...?
Ampere (A)
66
The unit of electrical potential difference is the ...?
Volt (V)
67
The name of the closest planet to the Sun
Mercury
68
The name of the planet between Mercury and Earth
Venus
69
The name of the third planet from the Sun
Earth
70
The name of the next furthest planet from the Sun after the Earth
Mars
71
The name of the planet immediately beyond Mars
Jupiter
72
The name of the sixth planet from the Sun
Saturn
73
The name of the seventh planet from the Sun
Uranus
74
The name of the eighth planet from the Sun
Neptune
75
The four outer planets in the Solar System are ..?.. giants
gas
76
How the stars provide evidence for a heliocentric model of the Solar System
Stellar Parallax
77
How planets beyond the Earth (like Mars) provide evidence for a heliocentric model of the Solar System
Retrograde motion
78
What behaviour of Venus provides evidence for a heliocentric model of the Solar System?
Phases
79
The member of the electromagnetic spectrum with the shortest wavelength
Gamma
80
The member of the electromagnetic spectrum with the second-shortest wavelength
X-rays
81
The member of the electromagnetic spectrum with the next longest wavelength after X-rays
Ultra-Violet
82
The fourth member of the electromagnetic spectrum in order of increasing wavelength
Visible Light
83
The member of the electromagnetic spectrum with the next longest wavelength after Visible Light
Infra-Red
84
The member of the electromagnetic spectrum with the second-longest wavelength
Microwaves
85
The member of the electromagnetic spectrum with the longest wavelength
Radio
86
How light from distant galaxies provides supporting evidence for the Big Bang Theory
Galactic Red Shift
87
One observation that seems to provide supporting evidence for the Big Bang Theory is called the Cosmic ...?... Background Radiation
Microwave
88
The observed relative abundances of Hydrogen and ...?... seem to provide supporting evidence for the Big Bang Theory
Helium
89
The yellow and green wire in a three-pin plug is the ...?... wire
Earth
90
A good electrical conductor is a good electrical conductor because it possesses ...??
free electrons
91
A graph of I against V for a piece of metal wire at constant temperature is a ...?????
straight line through the origin
92
A graph of I against V for a light-bulb filament curves from ...?... to shallow
steep
93
Electrical current passing through a metal heats it up because of collisions between free electrons and the ...?... in the metal
ions
94
The total resistance R of two identical resistors r connected in parallel is ...?
r/2
95
What like charges do to each other
repel
96
If the length of a piece of wire is increased its resistance...?
increases
97
If the diameter of a piece of wire is increased its resistance...?
decreases
98
The Earth wire and ...?... together protect the user from electric shock and the equipment from damage.
fuse
99
The magnetic field produced by a current flowing through a coil of wire has the same shape as the field caused by a ...??
bar magnet
100
If the current flow in a coil is clockwise as seen from one end of the coil, then that end is a ...?... pole
South
101
If the number of turns per cm on a current-carrying coil is increased, then the strength of its magnetic field ...?
increases
102
If the current flowing through a coil is decreased, then the strength of its magnetic field ...?
decreases
103
The strength of the magnetic field caused by a current-carrying coil will increase if it is given a core made of ...?
iron
104
If a conductor and/or magnet is moved so that the conductor cuts across magnetic field lines, then ...?... ...?... is induced in the conductor
electric current
105
If the current flowing through a coil is changed, then electric current is ...?... in a nearby second coil.
induced
106
Step-up and step-down transformers help to ...?... power losses in power lines.
reduce
107
Nuclear fusion in a star turns Hydrogen into ...?
Helium
108
The name given to the layer of the Earth made up of the crust and the solid portion of the upper mantle is the ...?
lithosphere
109
Travelling waves transfer ...?... from one point to another
energy
110
A wave in which the direction of wave motion is perpendicular to the direction of particle vibration is a ...?... wave.
transverse
111
A wave in which the direction of wave motion is parallel to the direction of particle vibration is a ...?... wave
longitudinal
112
Sound is a ...?... wave.
longitudinal
113
The Law of Reflection says that the angle of incidence ...?... the angle of reflection.
equals
114
The nature of the image formed by a plane mirror
virtual
115
The line joining an object and its image in a plane mirror is ...?... to the mirror
perpendicular
116
The distance from an object to a plane mirror is ...?... ...?... the distance from its image to the plane mirror.
equal to
117
The colour deviated most when white light is dispersed by a prism
violet
118
A comet is made of rock and ...?
ice
119
The gas and dust around the core of a comet form its ...?
coma
120
The tail of a comet is made of dust and ...?
gas
121
When gravity compresses a cloud of Hydrogen so much that its temperature reaches 15 million degrees Celsius, the cloud becomes a ...?
star
122
It is believed that the outer planets are gaseous because when the Sun began to shine, its ...?.. blew most remaining gas away to the outer regions of the Solar System.
radiation
123
It is believed that the inner rocky planets were formed by ...?... pulling dust particles together.
gravity
124
The time taken for a geosynchronous satellite to complete one orbit of the Earth
24 hours
125
The orbit of a geosynchronous satellite must be directly above the ...?
equator
126
Geosynchronous satellites are used for ...?
communications
127
Is the image formed by a camera lens real or virtual?
real
128
Is the image formed by a camera lens upright or inverted?
inverted
129
Is the image formed by a camera lens larger or smaller than the object?
smaller
130
Is the image formed by a camera lens laterally inverted?
yes
131
The experimental variable that you directly change is called the ...?... variable.
independent
132
The experimental variable that you expect to change as a result of any change you make in the independent variable is called the ...?... variable
dependent
133
Any experimental variable that you keep constant during the experiment to prevent it influencing the results is called a ...?... variable
controlled
134
An experiment that truly tests your hypothesis is ...?
valid
135
If your results are repeatable and they provide strong evidence for your conclusion then your results are ...?
reliable
136
For results to be reliable they will need to cover a ...?... enough range.
wide
137
Increasing the number of results will ...?... the reliability
increase
138
Repeating measurements will increase their ...?
reliability
139
Repeated measurements that are clumped around the true value of the variable are ...?
accurate
140
Repeated measurements that are close to each other are ...?
precise
141
If the dependent variable is always equal to the independent variable multiplied by some constant then the variables are ...??
directly proportional
142
If two variables (x and y) are directly proportional then a graph of one plotted against the other will be a ...?????
straight line through the origin
143
If two variables (x and y) are directly proportional then one divided by the other will always approximately equal a ...?
constant
144
When repeated measurements are equally spread above and below the true value the uncertainty is ...?
random
145
When repeated measurements are either all above or all below the true value the uncertainty is ...
systematic
146
If two variables (x and y) are indirectly proportional then a graph of one plotted against the other will be a ...?????
1/x type curve in which y decreases as x increases
147
If two variables (x and y) are indirectly proportional then a graph y plotted against 1/x will be a ...?????
straight line through the origin.
148
If two variables (x and y) are indirectly proportional then a constant will be obtained by... ? ...y by x.
multiplying
149
If two variables (x and y) are indirectly proportional then the equation connecting them is ...
y = k/x
150
If two variables (x and y) are directly proportional then the equation connecting them is...
y = kx
151
If two variables (x and y) are directly proportional then a constant is obtained by ...?... y by x
dividing
152
If two variables (x and y) are directly proportional then the constant of proportionality equals the ...?... of a graph of y against x.
gradient
153
If two variables (x and y) are indirectly proportional then the gradient of a graph of y against 1/x equals...????
the constant of proportionality
154
Equation for the force F on a straight conductor of length L carrying a current I at right angles to a magnetic field of strength B.
F = BIL
155
When light travelling from a more dense to a less dense material is incident at the critical angle, the angle of refraction is...?
90 degrees
156
What angles are needed in a triangular prism to turn a light ray through 90 or 180 degrees?
90 - 45 - 45 degrees
157
An anomalous experimental result is one which ...
does not fit in with the pattern established by the other results.
158
How would you deal with an anomalous result if you still have access to the experimental apparatus?
Repeat the measurement.
159
How would you deal with an anomalous result if you do not have access to the experimental apparatus?
Ignore that result when plotting a best-fit graph line or when calculating a mean value. In your evaluation, explain why you have ignored that result and suggest possible causes for the anomaly.
160
What happens to the speed of light when it enters a more dense material?
It slows down.
