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GCSE Physics > GCSE-Space > Flashcards

GCSE-Space Flashcards

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1
Q

A main sequence star neither collapses nor explodes because the inward force of gravity is balanced by the outward …?

A

thermal pressure

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2
Q

The process by which stars release energy

A

Nuclear fusion

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3
Q

Most …?… are found in orbit between Jupiter and Saturn.

A

Asteroids

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4
Q

Pluto is a …?

A

Dwarf planet

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5
Q

The outward pressure in a star is maintained by the nuclear …?… reactions inside it

A

fusion

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6
Q

Stars are made mostly of …?…

A

Hydrogen

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7
Q

The name of the closest planet to the Sun

A

Mercury

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8
Q

The name of the planet between Mercury and Earth

A

Venus

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9
Q

The name of the third planet from the Sun

A

Earth

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10
Q

The name of the next furthest planet from the Sun after the Earth

A

Mars

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11
Q

The name of the planet immediately beyond Mars

A

Jupiter

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12
Q

The name of the sixth planet from the Sun

A

Saturn

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13
Q

The name of the seventh planet from the Sun

A

Uranus

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14
Q

The name of the eighth planet from the Sun

A

Neptune

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15
Q

The four outer planets in the Solar System are ..?.. giants

A

gas

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16
Q

How the stars provide evidence for a heliocentric model of the Solar System

A

Stellar Parallax

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17
Q

How planets beyond the Earth (like Mars) provide evidence for a heliocentric model of the Solar System

A

Retrograde motion

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18
Q

What behaviour of Venus provides evidence for a heliocentric model of the Solar System?

A

Phases

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19
Q

How light from distant galaxies provides supporting evidence for the Big Bang Theory

A

Galactic Red Shift

20
Q

One observation that seems to provide supporting evidence for the Big Bang Theory is called the Cosmic …?… Background Radiation

A

Microwave

21
Q

The observed relative abundances of Hydrogen and …?… seem to provide supporting evidence for the Big Bang Theory

A

Helium

22
Q

Nuclear fusion in a star turns Hydrogen into …?

A

Helium

23
Q

A comet is made of rock and …?

A

ice

24
Q

The gas and dust around the core of a comet form its …?

A

coma

25
Q

The tail of a comet is made of dust and …?

A

gas

26
Q

When gravity compresses a cloud of Hydrogen so much that its temperature reaches 15 million degrees Celsius, the cloud becomes a …?

A

star

27
Q

It is believed that the outer planets are gaseous because when the Sun began to shine, its …?.. blew most remaining gas away to the outer regions of the Solar System.

A

radiation

28
Q

It is believed that the inner rocky planets were formed by …?… pulling dust particles together.

A

gravity

29
Q

The sequence of stages in the evolution of a star with the same mass as the Sun.

A

Protostar
Main Sequence Star
Red Giant Star
White Dwarf Star
Black Dwarf Star

30
Q

The sequence of stages in the evolution of a star with mass several times greater than that of the Sun.

A

Protostar
Main Sequence Star
Red Supergiant Star
Supernova
Neutron Star (or Black Hole for extremely massive stars)

31
Q

Where are elements heavier than Hydrogen made?

A

In stars

32
Q

The force that controls the motion of planets, moons, comets, asteroids, satellites and stars is …?

A

Gravity

33
Q

A region where gravity is so strong that not even electromagnetic radiation can escape from it is called a …?

A

black hole.

34
Q

How do we know that stars are made mostly of Hydrogen and helium?

A

We see the spectral lines identifying these elements when we study the light from the stars.

35
Q

According to the big bang theory and associated measurements, how old is the universe?

A

13.8 billion years (or about 14 billion)

36
Q

In the big bang theory, as time goes on the universe ..?.. and ..?..

A

expands and cools.

37
Q

Big bang theory stage 1 in the development of the early universe.

A

Very hot, very dense tiny volume full of elementary particles and energy

38
Q

Big bang theory stage 2 in the development of the early universe.

A

Expansion and cooling makes it cool enough for protons and neutrons to form.

39
Q

Big bang theory stage 3 in the development of the early universe.

A

Further expansion and cooling makes it cool enough for nuclei to form.

40
Q

Big bang theory stage 4 in the development of the early universe.

A

Further expansion and cooling makes it cool enough for nuclei and electrons to join to form atoms of Hydrogen..

41
Q

A light-year is …?

A

the distance travelled by light in one year.
(9.46 trillion km or 9.46 x 10^15 m)

42
Q

How to convert light-years to km. (short method)

A

Multiply No. of light-years by 9.46 x 10^12
(which is roughly 10^13)

43
Q

How to convert light-years to km. (long method)

A

Convert No. light-years into light-seconds and multiply by 300 000
i.e. km = ly x 365.25 x 24 x 60 x 60 x 300 000

44
Q

How many planets outside our solar system are believed to have been found so far?

A

Over 5000 confirmed and about 9000 still unconfirmed.

45
Q

What are the main methods of searching for exoplanets?

A
  1. Detecting regular red and blue shifts in the light from a star as its orbiting planet makes it wobble.
  2. Detecting the regular dip in the brightness of the star as its orbiting planet passes in front of it.
46
Q

How is it possible to detect gases like oxygen in the atmospheres of exoplanets?

A

By analysing starlight that has passed through the exoplanet’s atmosphere on its way to us.

47
Q

What is the main factor limiting our chances of visiting other solar systems?

A

They are so far away that current or developing technologies could not get us there in less than tens of thousands of years.

GCSE Physics (11 decks)

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