GCSE - Topic 3 - Transport in Animals and Plants - Year 9

Question 1

Which parts of the body is the circulatory system made up of?

Answer 1

Heart, blood, blood vessels.

Question 2

What does blood do?

Answer 2

Carries substances around the body.

Question 3

How many litres of blood is in the circulatory system of an average adult?

Answer 3

5.5 litres.

Question 4

If a test tube of blood is left to stand for a while what happens to it?

Answer 4

Blood cells sink to the bottom and separate from plasma.

Question 5

What are the four components that make up blood?

Answer 5

Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.

Question 6

What does plasma carry?

Answer 6

Carbon dioxide, gluclose, urea, antibodies, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.

Question 7

What’s the function of a platelet?

Answer 7

Rapidly sticks to a damaged area, releasing chemicals that start a series of reactions.

Question 8

What’s the function of a red blood cell?

Answer 8

Carries oxygen around the body.

Question 9

What’s the function of a white blood cell?

Answer 9

Engulfs invading pathogens.

Question 10

What’s the function of plasma?

Answer 10

Surrounds blood cells and carries them along as it flows through the blood vessels.

Question 11

What shape is a red blood cell? How does this help?

Answer 11

Flattened, biconcave disc shape: ensures large surface area to volume ratio for efficient gas exchange.

Question 12

Red blood cells have a large amount of _____: for transporting oxygen.

Answer 12

They have a large amount of haemoglobin.

Question 13

How is a red blood cell’s cellular structure specialised?

Answer 13

No nucleus or organelles: maximizes space for haemoglobin so more oxygen can be transported.

Question 14

How is a red blood cell’s size specialised?

Answer 14

Its diameter (6-8 micrometres) is larger than a capillary diameter: slows blood flow to enable diffusion of oxygen.

Question 15

What is plasma made of?

Answer 15

It’s mostly water and contains other dissolved substances.

Question 16

When the network of fibrin fibres forms a mesh, what does the mesh do?

Answer 16

Traps blood cells and debris, forming a solid clot of blood.

Question 17

What is the formation of a blood clot also known as?

Answer 17

Coagulation.

Question 18

What does coagulation involve?

Answer 18

A complex series of chemical reactions, involving cells and proteins.

Question 19

What did Charles Drew do?

Answer 19

Developed ways to process and store blood plasma in “blood banks”.

Question 20

What are the negatives of artificial blood?

Answer 20

1. Unpleasant side-effects.
2. More expensive than donor blood.
3. Does not mix easily with real blood.

Question 21

What are the positives of artificial blood?

Answer 21

1. Can store it for longer than donor blood.
2. No risk of disease transmission.
3. Can give to patients of any blood type.
4. Readily available.

Question 22

What is the function of the heart?

Answer 22

The function of the heart is to pump blood around the body, oxygenated blood to the respiring tissues, and deoxygenated blood back to the lungs.

Question 23

What do the cells of the heart require?

Answer 23

The cells of the heart require an oxygenated blood supply and they receive this via the coronary arteries.

Question 24

Where is your heart located?

Answer 24

In your chest cavity (thorax).

Question 25

What is the heart mainly made of?

Answer 25

Muscle.

Question 26

What carries blood to the heart muscle?

Answer 26

Coronary arteries.

Question 27

Which blood vessels carry blood towards the heart?

Answer 27

Veins.

Question 28

Which side of the heart contains oxygenated blood?

Answer 28

The left side.

Question 29

What do the valves in the heart do?

Answer 29

Prevent the backflow of blood.

Question 30

Do arteries carry oxygenated blood or deoxygenated blood?

Answer 30

Oxygenated blood (usually).

Question 31

Are arteries high pressure or low pressure?

Answer 31

High pressure.

Question 32

What are arteries walls like?

Answer 32

Very strong, muscular walls that stretch and flex.

Question 33

What do capillaries do?

Answer 33

Connect arteries to veins.

Question 34

How big are capillary walls?

Answer 34

Very thin, only one cell thick.

Question 35

Are veins high pressure or low pressure?

Answer 35

Low pressure.

Question 36

Do veins carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?

Answer 36

Deoxygenated blood.

Question 37

Why do veins have valves?

Answer 37

To ensure one-way blood flow.

Question 38

Do arteries have valves?

Answer 38

No.

Question 39

Do veins have valves?

Answer 39

Yes.

Question 40

What parts of an artery and a vein are similar?

Answer 40

Inner layer, middle layer, outer layer.

Question 41

What is atherosclerosis?

Answer 41

The buildup of fats, cholesterol and other substances in and on your artery walls.

Question 42

What is the usual cause of CHD?

Answer 42

The build-up of fatty deposits on the walls of the arteries around the heart (coronary arteries). This makes the arteries narrower, restricting the flow of blood to the heart. The blood becomes more likely to clot and blood pressure is raised.

Question 43

What are the symptoms of CHD?

Answer 43

Angina, heart attacks, fainting, blue lips, breathlessness, lack of oxygen.

Question 44

What's a risk factor?

Answer 44

Something which increases the likelihood of getting a disease.

Question 45

What's a risk factor of CHD?

Answer 45

Genetic reasons, high fat diet, lack of exercise, diabetes, high blood pressure, smoking.

Question 46

How does blood go through the circulatory system? (Starting at the body.)

Answer 46

1) body –> 2) inferior/superior vena cava –> 3) right atrium –> 4) tricuspid valve –> 5) right ventricle –> 6) pulmonary arteries –> 7) lungs –> 8) pulmonary veins –> 9) left atrium –> 10) mitral or bicuspid valve –> 11) left ventricle –> 12) aortic valve –> 13) aorta –> 14) body.

Question 47

What's transpiration?

Answer 47

The movement of water through a plant.

Question 48

What does the phloem transport?

Answer 48

Sugars (food).

Question 49

What does the xylem transport?

Answer 49

Water and minerals.

Question 50

How many directions can the xylem go?

Answer 50

One.

Question 51

How many directions can the phloem go?

Answer 51

Two.

Question 52

What's the function of a stem?

Answer 52

Transports water, minerals and sugars. Holds the plant up.

Question 53

What's the function of a flower?

Answer 53

Reproduction. Attracts pollinators and produces seeds.

Question 54

What's the function of roots?

Answer 54

Takes up water and minerals from the soil. Stabilises the plant.

Question 55

What's the function of a leaf?

Answer 55

Carries out photosynthesis. Allows gas exchange and absorbs light.

Question 56

What are the advantages of a heart transplant?

Answer 56

They can save a patient's life, better quality heart, they're a permanent fix.

Question 57

What are the disadvantages of a heart transplant?

Answer 57

If rejection happens, the patient can be more prone to infection.

Question 58

What is a statin?

Answer 58

A drug taken by people to lower the amount of cholesterol in the blood.

Question 59

What are the advantages of a stain?

Answer 59

Reduces the risk of a heart attack or stroke, prevents blood clots.

Question 60

What are the disadvantages of statins?

Answer 60

Can give abdominal pain, liver failure, skeletal damage.

Question 61

What are the advantages of replacing faulty heart valves?

Answer 61

It's easier to replace the valve than the entire heart.

Question 62

What are the disadvantages of replacing a faulty heart valve?

Answer 62

Risk of blood clots.

Question 63

What is an artificial heart transplant?

Answer 63

A mechanical device that pumps blood around the body.

Question 64

What are the advantages of an artificial heart transplant?

Answer 64

Less likely to be rejected than a donor's heart.

Question 65

What are the disadvantages of an artificial heart transplant?

Answer 65

Can lead to bleeding out and infecting, a high chance of blood clots which can potentially lead to a stroke.

Question 66

What is a stent?

Answer 66

A metal grid placed into an artery to allow the blood to flow.

Question 67

What is the advantage of a stent?

Answer 67

Keeps the artery open and helps prevent a heart attack.

Question 68

What is the disadvantage of a stent?

Answer 68

Risk of infection and blood clots.

Question 69

What is the aorta?

Answer 69

Artery carrying blood away from the heart.

Question 70

What is the vena cava?

Answer 70

Vein carrying blood back into the heart.

Question 71

What's a sugar source?

Answer 71

Produces sugars by photosynthesis.

Question 72

What's a sugar sink?

Answer 72

Uses sugar.

Question 73

What's translocation?

Answer 73

The movement of sugar through the phloem of the plant from a sugar source to a sugar sink.

Question 74

How does the temperature being hotter affect transpiration?

Answer 74

The hotter it is, the more evaporation occurs.

Question 75

How does the humidity affect transpiration?

Answer 75

The more humid it is, the lower the concentration gradient so the slower the diffusion.

Question 76

How does the airflow affect transpiration?

Answer 76

The higher the airflow, the bigger the concentration gradient so the faster transpiration.

Question 77

What's a disadvantage of a plant having lots of stomata?

Answer 77

More water loss.

Question 78

What do the guard cells do?

Answer 78

Controls the opening and closing of the stomata.

Question 79

What's the lower epidermis?

Answer 79

The thin layer at the bottom of the leaf.

Question 80

What's the upper epidermis?

Answer 80

The translucent layer at the top of the leaf that allows sunlight to pass through.

Question 81

What is the palisade layer?

Answer 81

It's the main site of photosynthesis - packed with chloroplasts.

Question 82

What are stomata?

Answer 82

When open, allows gases to diffuse in and out of the leaf.

Question 83

When a ventricle contracts, what happens?

Answer 83

Blood is forced into an artery.

Question 84

A ventricle fills with blood by the contraction of ______.

Answer 84

An atrium.

Question 85

When a ventricle relaxes, the backflow of blood into is is prevented by the closing of ____.

Answer 85

A valve.

Question 86

Where does the air that you breathe go?

Answer 86

Through the trachea. This splits into two tubes called bronchi (each one is a bronchus), one going to each lung.

Question 87

What do the bronchi split into?

Answer 87

Progressively smaller tubes called bronchioles. The bronchioles finally end at small bags called alveoli where the gas exchange takes place.

Question 88

What can a lack of platelets cause?

Answer 88

Bleeding and bruising.