GCSE - Diseases Flashcards
What is the pathogen that causes measles?
Virus.
What is the pathogen that causes tobacco mosaic?
Virus.
How is measles spread?
Droplets.
How is HIV spread?
Sexual contact, or by exchanging bodily fluids (such as blood). This can happen when people share needles.
What is the pathogen that causes HIV?
Virus.
How do bacteria make us ill?
Bacterial enters then multiply and release toxins which damage our cells (they don’t need a host cell).
How do viruses make us ill?
They enter our body, and then key into a host cell. It then takes over the ribosomes (which causes the viruses to be able to reproduce inside). The cell then bursts and releases all the new viruses.
What are the symptoms of measles?
A red skin rash and they’ll show signs of a fever (a high temperature).
How is measles prevented?
MMR vaccination.
What are the symptoms of HIV?
Initially, it causes flu-like symptoms for a few weeks. Usually, the person doesn’t then experience any symptoms for several years.
How can HIV be controlled?
Taking antiretroviral drugs, these will stop the virus from replicating in the body.
What is the pathogen that causes rose black spot?
A fungus.
What are the symptoms of rose black spot?
Purple or black spots develop on the leaves of rose plants. The leaves can cause yellow and drop off.
How is rose black spot spread?
Through the environment in water or by the wind.
How is rose black spot treated?
It can be treated by using fungicides and by stripping the plant of its affected leaves. These leaves then need to be destroyed so that the fungus can’t spread to other rose plants.
What is the pathogen that causes malaria?
A protist.
What are the symptoms of malaria?
A fever, vomiting, muscle pains and diarrhoea.
How is malaria spread?
Mosquitos pick up the malarial protist when they feed on an infected animal. Then, every time the mosquito feeds on another animal, it infects it by inserting the protest into the animal’s blood vessel.
How can malaria be prevented?
By using mosquito nets at night and using insecticides.
Which pathogen is salmonella caused by?
Bacteria.
What are the symptoms of salmonella?
A fever, stomach cramps, vomiting and diarrhoea.
How is salmonella caused?
By eating food that’s been contaminated with salmonella bacteria.
How is salmonella prevented?
Most poultry (e.g chicken and turkey) are given a vaccination against salmonella. You can also ensure that you maintain good hygiene and cook food properly.
Which pathogen is gonorrhoea caused by?
Bacteria.
What are the symptoms of gonorrhoea?
Pain when you urinate and a thick yellow or green discharge from the vagina or the penis.
How is gonorrhoea transmitted?
It is a sexually transmitted disease.
How is gonorrhoea treated?
People can be treated with antibiotics and should use barrier methods of contraception.
How can we reduce or prevent the spread of disease?
Be hygienic, destroy vectors, vaccinate and isolate infected individuals.
