GCSE Resistant Materials - Timber Flashcards
How do you mark timber
Pencil and Marking knife
How do you cut timber?
Rip saw - rough cutting
Coping saw - curvaceous cuts
Tenon saw - straight lines with accuracy
How do you clamp timber?
G-clamps
What type of timber usually grows faster?
Softwoods
How can you avoid timber warping?
You can season it either naturally or artificially using kiln
How does timber warp?
When the moisture content of different parts of pieces of wood changes unevenly
Examples of Softwoods:
- Scots Pine - cheap, readily available, straight grains but prone to knots, strong, pale; low cost furniture, simple joinery
- Parana Pine - hard, fairly strong, straight grained and knot free, more expensive, pale yellow, darker brown streaks; better furniture, visible structural carpentry
- Spruce - not very hard wearing, creamy-white, small hard knots; indoor furniture
- Yellow Cedar - pale colour, light-weight, rigid; furniture, veneers, boat building
- Redwood - relatively strong, knots, low cost, durable when suitable clothing or treatment treats it; general woodwork, cupboards, shelves, roofs
Examples of Hardwoods:
Ash - light creamy-brown, open grained; sports equipment wooden ladders, tools
Beech - white, close-grained, hard and strong, prone to warping; furniture, toys, tool handles
Elm - light brown, open grain, tough, resists splitting, water-resistant, durable outside; indoor + outdoor furniture
Mahogany - reddish-brown, interlocking grain, strong and durable; good quality furniture
Oak - light brown, strong, tough, open-grained, steel screws and fittings corroded, certain adhesive react with it; interior woodwork, high quality furniture
Examples of Manufactured Boards:
Blockboard - softwood strips bonded together with adhesive, then sheet of plywood on either side, often with finishing veneer
Chipboard - small chips of wood bonded together with resin and compressed to form sheets. Cheaper but not as strong as plywood or blockboard
Hardboard - pulled wood fibres pressurised until fibres bond together, smooth on one side rough on the other, back of cupboards
MDF - very fine wood dust and resin, stronger than hardboard due to resin, easily finished with veneer/ paint
Plywood - veneers of timber, grains at right angles, bonded by resin and pressure, different types :
- boil resistant plywood
- flexible plywood
- interior plywood
- laser plywood
- marine plywood
- weather and boil proof plywood
Advantages of Manufactured Boards over Natural Timber
- large sizes + standard sizes and thicknesses
- boards have specific purposes
- often use elements of waste, environmentally sympathetic
- uniform with few imperfections
- do not split
- ready finished formats
Examples of Timber finishes
- Wax
- French Polish
- Varnish
- Wood Stain
- Exterior Wood Stain
- Oil
- Paint
- Cellulose Sealant
How do you measure timber’s length and angles?
- Ruler or Tape Measure
- Try Square, Mitre Square, Combination Square
What type of vice should you use when doing work on timber?
Woodworking vice
What does a jack plane do?
Dresses timber down to size, rough
What does a smoothing plane do?
Removes very fine shavings
