GCSE Paper 1 Flashcards

1
Q

When did Hitler become chancellor

A

30th January 1933

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2
Q

Who were left wing

A

Socialists (SPD)

Communists (KPD)

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3
Q

Who were centre in 1933

A

Liberals

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4
Q

Who were right wing

A

Conservatives

Facists (Nazis)

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5
Q

Why did Hitler want to hold more elections in March 1933

A

He doesn’t want a coalition

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6
Q

Date of the Reichstag Fire

A

27th February 1933

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7
Q

Which man and group were blamed for the Reichstag Fire

A

Marinus van der Lubbe

The communists

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8
Q

Hitler persuaded President Hindenburg to deal with the communists. Name the law he passed

A

Decree for the protection of people and state

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9
Q

What did the decree for the protection of people and state do and how could it help the Nazis to strengthen their control over Germans

A

Gave them the power to remove civil right eg no freedom speech

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10
Q

How did the Nazis gain over 50% of the votes in the Reichstag after the March 1933 election result

A

They imprisoned opponents and disrupted their election campaign

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11
Q

Date of the enabling law

A

March 1933

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12
Q

How did Hitler get the enabling law passed

A

He promised to cancel the decree of protection of people and state and to protect the rights of the Catholic Church within Germany

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13
Q

How did the enabling law help Hitler increase his control over Germans

A

Meant he could appoint laws without the presidents permission

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14
Q

What happened on March 1933

A

State parliaments were closed - new parties all had Nazi majorities

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15
Q

What happened in April 1933

A

Jews and political opponents were dismissed from their jobs in the civil service - Nazi officials were put in charge of state governments in Germany

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16
Q

What happened in May 1933

A

All trade unions were banned and their officials and leaders were arrested

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17
Q

What happened in July 1933

A

The law against the formations of new parties banned all other political parties

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18
Q

What happened in January 1934

A

Hitler introduced the law for the reconstruction of the state

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19
Q

Describe Roehm’s second revolution

A

The army would be replaced by the SA and industry replaced with working class

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20
Q

Did the German army approve of Roehm’s second revolution

A

Many top members of the army supported hitlers foreign policy terms but were worried about Roehm’s plan to replace them

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21
Q

Give 2 reasons why Army anger and the SA could weaken Hitler

A

The army could stage an attack

The army works with Hindenburg

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22
Q

Date of the night of the long knives

A

30th June 1934

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23
Q

Who was killed and how many died in the night of long knives

A

Roehm’s and leading members of SA were shot. Nearly 200 died

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24
Q

How did army leaders respond to the night of long knives

A

Hitler gained the full support of the army

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25
Q

What happened on the 1st August 1934

A

New law merging chancellor and president into Führer

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26
Q

What happened on the 2nd August 1934

A

Hindenburg died

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27
Q

What did the army do to show gratefulness towards Hitler

A

They swore an oath to Hitler of allegiance and loyalty

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28
Q

What did Hitler do to see what the public though of him

A

He held a referendum to see if he could become Führer. 90% agreed with his actions

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29
Q

Job done by SS

A

Hitlers private army. They purged the SA on the NLK

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30
Q

Job done by SA

A

Roehm was leader and they helped Hitler get rid of political opponents

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31
Q

Job done by Gestapo

A

Was the Nazis secret police state. They were above the law and during WW2 they hunted down Jews and resistance groups

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32
Q

Job done by SD

A

Was the intelligence service within the SS

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33
Q

Leader of SS/Gestapo

A

Himmler

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34
Q

Leader of SD

A

Heydrich

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35
Q

SS group who ran concentration camp

A

The death’s heads unit

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36
Q

3 types of inmate in a concentration camp

A

Homosexuals
Jews
Enemies of the state

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37
Q

3 examples of camp life

A

Beat
Little food
Hard work

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38
Q

Did the Gestapo torture prisoners

A

Yes

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39
Q

Did the Gestapo target suspects family

A

Yes

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40
Q

Were the Gestapo above the law

A

Yes

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41
Q

Where did Gestapos information come from

A

Informants

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42
Q

What were People’s courts

A

Judges were biased and Jury was not used. Lawyer was not needed as everyone was Nazi

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43
Q

When did Hitler become Führer

A

2nd August 1934

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44
Q

Propaganda definition

A

Advertising the Nazis + their beliefs

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45
Q

Censorship definition

A

Preventing Germans from seeing or hearing criticism of the Nazis

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46
Q

What was the volksgemeinschaft

A

An aryan community

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47
Q

Give some propaganda used by the Nazis

A

Newspaper writer were all aryan
Most papers were owned by pro Nazi Alfred Hugenburg
Editors law meant Editors were accountable for the contents of the paper
All radio stations under Nazi control
7 out of 10 homes had a people’s receiver
Loudspeakers erected in streets
Children’s schoolbooks had Nazi ideals
Annual rally at Nuremberg

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48
Q

How were German churches a threat to Nazis

A

Many would go with the church if they disagreed with Hitler

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49
Q

Explain what the concordat was

A

Freedom of church to continue their services. Right to continue to run own schools + youth groups + pastoral rights of ministry. In return they used the votes of Catholic party to get enabling act through Reichstag

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50
Q

How did Hitler break the concordat

A

He arrested priests

Christian youth groups banned

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51
Q

Who was Galen and what did he do

A

Galen was a catholic priest who exposed Nazis for some of their secret activity eg assaulting handicapped people

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52
Q

Who was the minister of religion from 1933 and what was their church

A

Ludwig Muller

German Christian Church

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53
Q

What were those who opposed Muller called

A

The confessional church

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54
Q

Who was Niemoller

A

WW1 U-boat captain

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55
Q

Who was Bonhoeffer

A

A WW1 hero

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56
Q

Give some facts about German faith movement

A

Symbol was swastika, golden sun on blue
New marriage, baptism, burial
Services to show anti Christian beliefs

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57
Q

What happened to Jehovah’s Witnesses

A

Most ended up in concentration camps with a third ending up dead

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58
Q

Who were Edelweiss Pirates

A

Refused to join Hitler youth
Mixed camping trips
Dressed casually
Working class boys who despised narrow strict behaviour

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59
Q

Who were the Meuten

A
Attached Nazis 
1937-39
1500 members
Working class teens 
Sympathised with socialism
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60
Q

Who were the swing youth

A

Non German activists eg Jazz
British/American way of life
Upper/middle class
Opposing national socialist ideology

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61
Q

Who were Leipzig hounds

A

From the communist party
Anti Nazi gangs of teenagers
Aimed to destroy Nazi control

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62
Q

Date of concordat

A

July 1933

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63
Q

What did KDF do

A

Helped workers outside workplace

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64
Q

Who led the DAF

A

Dr Robert Ley

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65
Q

What the DAF do to help workers

A

Incomes improved
Better working conditions
Doubled amount of holiday pay

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66
Q

What negatives were there if DAF

A

Number of public facilities declined
Number of doctors per bed declined
Couldn’t leave jobs or strike

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67
Q

What was the SDA

A

Part of the DAF

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68
Q

What did the SDA do to help workers

A
Better lighting 
Regular screening for breast cancer 
Better noise reduction 
Better canteens
Better ventilation
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69
Q

What did KDF provide

A

Cheap cinema tickets
Picnics
Cheap holidays

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70
Q

What was prora

A

10,000 spaces holiday home which was promised but never followed up on

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71
Q

What was the VW scheme

A

Promised a car but no one ever received one

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72
Q

What was the DAF

A

Helped workers in workplace

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73
Q

Why did the Nazis want to increase aryan birth rate

A

So that they would have more aryans in Germany and Hitler thought that made Germany look better

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74
Q

What is social Darwinism

A

the theory that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals.

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75
Q

What was eugenics

A

the science of improving a population by controlled breeding to increase the occurrence of desirable heritable characteristics.

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76
Q

What was volksgemeinschaft

A

Volksgemeinschaft is a German expression meaning “people’s community”.

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77
Q

What happened to working women in 1933

A

Women were sacked and couldn’t get a civil servant job

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78
Q

What happened to women in 1936

A

Were banned from legal jobs

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79
Q

Describe how Nazis encouraged the birth of more children

A

They offered a 600 mark loan to women who were married. The debt was reduced by a quarter every time they had a child.
Increased taxes on childless families
regular payments for the third child onwards
Women with 4 children were given a bronze honour award, silver for 6 and gold for 8. This let them pass many queues

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80
Q

How would women get sent to concentration camps

A

If they were found neglecting their children
If they were disabled
Neglecting housework

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81
Q

Give some facts about the Nazi Women’s league

A

Founded in October 1931
Gertud Scholtz-Klink was the leader
Supported Nazi beliefs about women
Helped women get jobs and in concentration camps

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82
Q

Describe 2 ways the Nazis used censorship in Germany

A

They owned many newspapers and could restrict anti-Nazi views
They passed a law making publishers accountable for the contents of their paper

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83
Q

Describe 2 ways the Nazis used propaganda in Germany

A

They erected large speakers in streets which would play Hitler’s speeches
They sold the ‘people’s receiver’ which played Hitler’s speeches. These were very successful with most German houses owning one

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84
Q

Below are 2 methods used by the Nazis to consolidate their power. Choose one method + explain how it helped the Nazis

  • Reichstag fire
  • Night of the Long Knives
A

The Reichstag fire happened when the Nazis were trying to get votes. The party opposite them was the communists. The communists were accused of setting the Reichstag alight and were swiftly removed. The Nazis ran unopposed

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85
Q

Explain how life in Germany changed for German Workers 1933-39

A

The DAF was formed and they helped workers in the workplace. They gave better working conditions, increased income and doubled amount of holiday pay. Part of the DAF named the SDA also emerged. They provided better lighting, regular screening for Brest cancer, better noise reduction and better cantines. There were negatives as well especially for the DAF which were that number of public facilities declined, number of doctors per bed declined and workers couldn’t strike or leave their jobs. The KDF also appeared. Their aim was to help workers outside of the workplace. They offered up cheap cinema tickets, picnics and cheap holidays. The KDF also had negatives as not everyone got holidays. Many were promised a stay at Prora, a massive holiday home, but they never received this. There was also the VW scheme which promised workers a car which also was never followed up on

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86
Q

Name some subjects that were changed for girls

A

Home economics, housekeeping, 15% increase in PE

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87
Q

Name some subjects that were changed for boys

A

Biology (social Darwinism), maths (talks about bombing Jewish Warsaw), 15% increase in PE

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88
Q

What happened to Jewish teachers and what was set up after this

A

Jewish teachers were sacked and a Nazi teachers league was formed which included months long teachers training camp

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89
Q

Where were boys aged 11-18 sent

A

Sent to NAPOLAS where they trained to be SS

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90
Q

What did the Adolf Hitler school teach

A

Taught by commanders German folklore

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91
Q

What were order castles

A

Elite schools where they were prepared to be SS officers. War games played with live ammunition and some were killed

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92
Q

What was the aim of the new education system

A

To make all young people become committed Nazis

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93
Q

What was the aim of the new education system specific for girls

A

To get girls to focus on being housewives and mothers

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94
Q

What was the aim of the new education system specific for boys

A

To get boys to focus on a military career

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95
Q

What were the two Nazi ‘clubs’ outside school

A

Boys - Hitler Youth Movement (HYM)

Girls - German Girls League (BDM)

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96
Q

What happened in 1936 for outside of the classroom activities

A

Nazi youth compulsory and all other ‘clubs’ banned

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97
Q

What was the Hitler Youth

A

Leader - Baldur con Schirach
There were many groups: Air Force, weapons, motor, marine
Activities were marches, camps, war games, rifle practice, flying, sailing, riding motorcycle

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98
Q

What was the BDM

A

Leader - Trude Mohr
Groups: skiing, gymnastics, home economics
Activities were sports, gymnastics, marching , swimming, camping, cooking, cleaning, story telling

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99
Q

Give three successes of the Nazi youth policies

A
  1. Life skills taught
  2. Gave them a chance to get loads of friends and take part in activities they usually couldn’t
  3. They had control over leaders eg students could write a letter to Gestapo getting them in trouble
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100
Q

Name three failures of the Nazi youth policies

A
  1. Education changes weakened education standard offered
  2. Youth opponents existed so not all aryan youth liked Nazi policies
  3. The activities became compulsory and many found lots of PE boring eg if you want to not be a housewife you could feel frustrated with lack of career opportunities
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101
Q

What big events were blamed on the Jews

A

WW1, The Treaty of Versailles and the Wall Street Crash

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102
Q

Name some economic actions taken against Jews between 1933-38

A

October 1933 - Jews banned from key media jobs
April 1933 - Jews banned from government jobs
May 1935 - Jews banned from serving in the army
January 1937 - Jews banned from key professions eg teaching
September 1938 - Jews banned from all legal practices

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103
Q

When were Jewish civil rights removed and what did this mean

A

September 1935 - Nuremberg Laws meant Jews were deprived of of many political and economic rights, made wards of state, became illegal for Jews to have sex with or marry aryans

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104
Q

Name some society exclusions given to Jews between 1935-39

A

Summer 1935 - public places put up signs saying ‘Jews not wanted here’
July/August 1938 - Jews had to carry identity cards
April-June 1938 - Jews ordered to register wealth
October 1938 - Jews had to have passports stamped with J shaped symbol, has to use new names ‘Israel’ for men and ‘Sarah’ for women
January 1939 - Jews encouraged to emigrate, Hitler spoke of a future annihilation of Jews if they caused a world war

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105
Q

What act of violence happened in November 1938

A

The murder of a Nazi diplomat by a Jew in Paris on 7th November was the catalyst for a massive outbreak of anti-Jewish persecution. It became known as Kristallnacht from the broken glass on the streets. More than 40l synagogues, 7500 shops and many homes were destroyed. 11 Jews were killed and over the following months 20,000 were sent to concentration camps. The Nazis fined the Jews 1 billion marks for the damage caused on Kristallnacht. They also made them clean up the streets in the aftermath of the attacks

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106
Q

Why did so few Germans oppose the Nazis antisemitism

A

The Nazi propaganda was effective in persuading the German people that Jews were evil. Youth were mind washed through the education system to think Jews were bad. The Nazi police state made everyone scared to speak out as they didn’t want to get beat up or get billed. Germans were ignorant to Nazi action as they only knew what got reported to them

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107
Q

What were 5 solutions

A
  1. Encouraged emigration
  2. The Madagascar plan
  3. Einsatzgruppen
  4. Ghettos
  5. The Final Solution
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108
Q

What was encouraged emigration

A

Jews encouraged to leave Germany and Germany had leaving fee which only a few could afford. Only partially successful until war started and they shut borders

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109
Q

What was the Madagascar plan

A

The Nazis thought instead of killing the Jews they could ditch them in Madagascar. It was a failure as they had no way of getting the Jews there

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110
Q

What was Einsatzgruppen

A

Was when the SS groups rounded up the Jews in Poland and the USSR and executed them. This was a failure due to the mental effect on the soldiers

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111
Q

What were ghettos

A

Were small, overpopulated cities filled with Jews and the general idea was to starve the Jews. These were generally successful but was a slow process

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112
Q

What was the Final Solution

A

Was when the Nazis started to gas the weaker Jews and work the stronger ones to death. It was successful up until they lost the war. This was decided when Heydrich and leading Nazis met at the Wannsee conference on January 20th 1942. When the Nazis lost WW2 6 million Jewish people had been murdered

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113
Q

What happened at Auschwitz - Birkenau

A

Upon arrival they were separated and selected fir what they to do. They got their head shaved and were given a number. Strong had to participate in forced labour eg factory construction, rearmament. The weak went to get a shower but gas (Zyhlon B) came out and killed them. The Nazis disposed of the bodies. They destroyed the ghettos. Sonderkonmando removed gold teeth and valuables

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114
Q

How did Nazis tale out opponents

A

Used the Gestapo to hunt down opponents. The Germans were scared of the Gestapo. Kids were rewarded for ratting out people which helped them hunt down opponents

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115
Q

What was the white rose group

A

Hans and Sophie Scholl were leaders. Distributed anti-Nazi leaflets, did things outside the norm. A university caretaker betrays them. The leaders were executed.

116
Q

What was the confessional church

A

They spoke out against the Nazis and passed secrets to the allies. Bonhoeffer (leader) was executed

117
Q

What did the R.C. Church do to help

A

Many priests hid Jews. Galen spoke out against Nazis. He forced Nazis to shut down some of their euthanasia schemes. Galen arrested by Nazis and let him out where he died

118
Q

What did the Jews do to rebell

A

Warsaw ghetto rising - Jews rebelled killing 300 Germans and fighting for a month. 13,000 Jews died
Jewish partisan groups - in Easter Poland they attacked Nazis and helped 1300 escape.
Some managed to escape and emigrate, many Jews hid
Smuggled food, water and supplies into ghettos
Sonde Jews pretended to cooperate but in reality didn’t
Wrote stories of their torture on toilet paper and smuggled it out to be read by the world

119
Q

Why did the army dislike Hitler and what oath did the army make

A

The army made an oath of loyalty to Hitler because he didn’t replace them. The army disliked Hitler because the war was going bad
There was seven attempts to kill Hitler

120
Q

What was operation Valkyrie

A

Leaders were Ludwig Beck, Carl Goerdeler, Von Stauffenberg
They would attend Hitler meeting and leave a bomb which would blow Hitler up
Started 20th July. Failed as people moved the bomb. The leaders were killed or offered to let them kill themselves

121
Q

When did WW2 begin

A

3rd September 1939

122
Q

Who were Germany’s allies in WW2

A

Italy, Japan, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria

123
Q

Who were Germany’s enemies in WW2

A

US, Britain, France, USSR, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Denmark, Greece, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, South Africa, Yugoslavia

124
Q

What was the phoney war

A

After blitzkreig attack nothing seemed to happen

125
Q

What was blitzkreig

A

(German lightning war) military tactic calculated to create a psychological shock and resulted disorganisation of surprise, speed and superiority in material of firepower

126
Q

What was operation barborossa

A

When Germany invaded Russia which led Russia to work with Britain which lost Germany the war.

127
Q

What were all the countries Germany invaded

A

Czechoslovakia, Austria, Poland, Denmark, Belgium, Italy, Norway, Netherlands, France, Britain, Soviet Union

128
Q

What was the battle of Stalingrad

A

Largest confrontation, Germany allies fought Soviet Union for control of Stalingrad Russia. February 1943. Germany lost

129
Q

What was the battle of El Alamein

A

fought in Egypt between Axis and Allies. Allies won October 1942

130
Q

What were the D-Day landings

A

Were landings in Normandy on June 1944 - allies won - operation Neptune - largest sea born invasion in history

131
Q

What were air raids

A

They were carried out to take out key industrial buildings then towns to end the war early as this would destroy morale

132
Q

Name some air raids between 1942-45

A

Cologne was bombed on May 30th 1942
Hamburg was bombed in July and August 1943
Dresden was bombed in February 1945

133
Q

How many Germans died

A

3.5 million Germans died

134
Q

List 3 effects of air raids and allied bombing

A

Helped unite the country, 3.5 million civilians died and disaffection grew

135
Q

List 4 item rationed at the start of the war

A

Meat, bread, fats and sugar

136
Q

What were ersatz goods

A

An ersatz good was an inferior good eg acorns instead of coffee

137
Q

What were 3 ways the civilians produced food

A

Grow at home, in parks and eat different foods eg daisy salad

138
Q

What was the black market

A

Illegal and expensive things being sold

139
Q

Why were extra rations given to miners, blood donors and pregnant women

A

Miners - they had to do the hard work
Blood donors - as the blood removal will take away their energy so they need more food
Pregnant women - are essentially feeding 2 people so they need more food

140
Q

List goods no longer available to Germans towards the end of the war

A

Meat reduced and so were cigarettes and milk

141
Q

Between 1939 and 1945 how much had rations declined

A

700g to 250g

142
Q

What were balcony pigs

A

Pet rabbits that were killed for protein

143
Q

How did Germans obtain new clothes, shoes or furniture

A

You go to an exchange centre where you would give your eg jacket for a different jacket

144
Q

Were you less likely to be affected by rationing if you lived in the countryside

A

Yes countryside households usually had farms so they could grow their own foods

145
Q

Describe how speer’s work affected the life of German workers

A

He increased working hours, hired foreign and woman workers

146
Q

Did speer’s work have any success

A

Munitions output grew by 60% and per worker and general industrial productivity increased

147
Q

What did they change with women in 1943 and what success did they have

A

Hitler had no choice but to conscript women and within a year more than 40% of women were working

148
Q

List 2 other groups drafted in to increase the work numbers 1943

A

Foreign workers and prisoners of war

149
Q

What were the wartime activities carried out by the Hitler youth

A

trained to be soldiers and carried out war games and helped defend cities

150
Q

What speech was given to keep morale high

A

Total War Speech

151
Q

What were the wartime activities for the BDM

A

Ran camps for girls
evacuated from bombing area
Collected scrap metal

152
Q

Were Germans told about food shortages

A

Food shortages were covered up as this would panic the public

153
Q

What are the names of the NI, Irish and British governments

A

Stormant - NI
Dail - Irish
Westminster - British

154
Q

What is direct rule

A

Rule by British government

155
Q

What is sectarianism

A

Hatred for other religions

156
Q

What is discrimination

A

Exclusion of groups of people

157
Q

What are civil rights

A

Basic human rights eg right to vote

158
Q

What is a the Taoiseach

A

Irish PM

159
Q

What is gerrymandering

A

Rigging elections to favour a party

160
Q

What is PR voting

A

Representing many interest groups

161
Q

What was the special powers act

A

Giving extra powers to government eg internment

162
Q

What was a Unionist

A

Someone who wanted to stay part of uk
Mostly Protestant
Political parties: DUP, UUP(new OUP)

163
Q

What was a Nationalist

A

Wanted a united Ireland
Mostly Roman Catholic
Political parties: Sinn Fein, SDLP

164
Q

What does a welfare state mean

A

Free health car, education and benefits system, government ownership of British industries and jobs for all

165
Q

When was the NHS introduced

A

July 1948

166
Q

Which political party introduced a welfare state and in which year

A

The Labour Party in 1942

167
Q

What is the NHS

A

The National Health Service

168
Q

List 3 benefits of the NHS for a citizen of Northern Ireland

A

Free Healthcare, prescription drugs and free operations

169
Q

How many houses were estimated to be needed in NI after 1945

A

100,000

170
Q

How successful were local councils at providing new homes after 1945

A

Not fully successful as houses weren’t allocated fairly

171
Q

Were new homes allocated fairly to the 2 communities in NI

A

They were nit Carly allocated between the 2 communities

172
Q

Name the changes introduced by the 1947 act

A

11+ for free grammar school

173
Q

What wa S the 1947 act also known as

A

The education act NI

174
Q

Did a citizen of the Republic of Ireland enjoy the benefits of the welfare state

A

Republic of Ireland citizens didn’t get welfare state benefits

175
Q

Name some areas where nationalists were discriminated in

A

Jobs, housing, voting

176
Q

How were nationalists discriminated against in jobs

A

Nationalists could be rejected from a job because of their religion

177
Q

How were nationalists discriminated against in housing

A

Unionist councils gave houses unionists rather than nationalists eg in Caledon the council gave a single Protestant woman a house rather than a Roman Catholic family

178
Q

How were nationalists discriminated against in voting

A

Gerrymandering used by unionists to get more votes and councils for their community eg Londonderry was a majority nationalist city but unionist returned more representatives in local elections and local rate payers could get up to 7 extra votes depending on their rates bill. This led to unionists getting more votes

179
Q

How popular was O’Neill with his OUP

A

He wasn’t very popular with the OUP

180
Q

What was O’Neill’s 3 aims for NI

A
  1. Improve the economy
  2. Improve community relations
  3. Improve relations between NI and Republic of Ireland
181
Q

How many new jobs were created

A

35,000 new jobs

182
Q

How many jobs were lost and in what industries

A

20,000 jobs lost in ship building and linen

183
Q

What % of people still remained unemployed after all the new jobs created

A

Over 78% of people remained unemployed

184
Q

Why didn’t countries want to open companies in the west which was the nationalist territory

A

The dock was very far away in Belfast

185
Q

Name 7 ways O’Neill tried to improve the economy

A
  1. £900 million investment and creation of 5 economic zones
  2. Establishment of new city called craigavon
  3. Modernisation of roads and railways
  4. Cooperation with Dublin Irish Trade Union Congress
  5. Development of new university in town of Coleraine
  6. Established economic council
  7. Creation of ministry of development to drive economic revolt
186
Q

What was O’Neill’s plan for housing and jobs

A

Build more houses for everyone and get more jobs for everyone which would better the standard of living

187
Q

Why did O’Neill want to improve community relations

A

He hoped this aim would end sectarianism and discrimination in NI

188
Q

Name 2 things O’Neill did to try and improve community relations

A
  1. O’Neill visited Cardinal William Conway and offered condolences on passing of Pope John XXIII
  2. O’Neill visited schools and hospitals run by Catholic Churches and increased financial supported to them especially the hospitals
189
Q

How did nationalists respond to O’Neill’s efforts to improve community relations

A

Nationalists liked this as they were getting more support

190
Q

How did unionists respond to O’Neill’s efforts to improve community relations

A

Unionists disliked this as they thought O’Neill was trying to get a United Ireland

191
Q

Name the 2 Irish PM’s who O’Neill met

A

Sean Lemass in 1965

Jack Lynch in 1967

192
Q

Why was O’Neill netting the Irish PM significant

A

It was the first time that the Irish PM recognise NI and first meeting in 40 years

193
Q

What did the O’Neill and the Irish PM discuss

A

Electricity and tourism

194
Q

What did O’Neill and the Irish PM not discuss

A

Politics and United Ireland

195
Q

Who was O’Neill’s main critic

A

Ian Paisley

196
Q

Why did Ian Paisley dislike O’Neill’s meetings with the Irish PMs

A

Because the Republic regarded NI as part of the Republic

197
Q

Why did unionists not want a United Ireland

A

They didn’t want to be Protestant minorities

198
Q

Did some unionists support O’Neill

A

Moderate unionists supported O’Neill as many more jobs were made for unionists

199
Q

How many seats were won by OUP around 1967

A

38 out of 52 seats

200
Q

Why was there tension around 1967

A

Two catholic’s were murdered by UVF and Battle of Somme, Easter Rising anniversaries brought tensions

201
Q

What was being planned in the OUP

A

There was a plot in the OUP to remove O’Neill as leader

202
Q

What did nationalists do to show their support to O’Neill

A

Took up their seat in Stormount Government

203
Q

Why were Nationalists concerned

A

Factories made in west - jobs for unionists
Craigavon named after first unionist PM
New university built in Coleraine which is a unionist place not Nationalist like Londonderry

204
Q

What was the UVF

A

Was a paramilitary group active in May and June 1966

205
Q

What did O’Neill do about the UVF

A

He banned the UVF

206
Q

What did NICRA stand for

A

Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association

207
Q

When was NICRA set up

A

Set up in 1967

208
Q

Who were the leaders of NICRA

A

Paddy Devlin, Eamon McCann, Michael Farrell

209
Q

Name 2 events in history that inspired NICRA

A
  1. Martin Luther King’s US Civil Rights campaign to get equality for African Americans
  2. US President JFK’s election as the first Roman Catholic President
210
Q

Who were the supporters of NICRA

A

Mainly Nationalist and moderate unionists

211
Q

Who were the opponents of NICRA

A

Unionists eg Ian Paisley

212
Q

Did NICRA protest peacefully or Violently

A

Used peaceful protests eg marches against discrimination in council housing

213
Q

What were NICRA’s 7 aims

A
  1. One Man One Vote - end discrimination in getting 7 extra votes for owning a business
  2. End gerrymandering - rigging elections to favour unionists eg Londonderry
  3. End discrimination in jobs eg in the civil service
  4. End discrimination in council housing eg the caledon incident
  5. End Special Forces Act which allowed internment
  6. End B-Specials (part time police)
  7. Create a formal complaints procedure
214
Q

What did unionists think of NICRA

A

Unionists said it was a front for the IRA, only interested in Catholic Rights not rights for all and some thought it was trying to get a United Ireland so would be getting rid of Northern Ireland

215
Q

What happened on the 21st August 1968

A

NICRA March from Coalisland to Dungannon protesting for the end of discrimination in housing. RUC stop March before reaching Dungannon but there was no violence

216
Q

What happened on the 5th October 1968

A

NICRA March to Londonderry to protest for the end of discrimination in housing. Stormont banned the March because the Apprentice boys planned a rival March. NICRA still held March. The RUC attacked NICRA and RTE news crews filmed the violence

217
Q

What impact did the violence from the October 1968 have on stormont

A

Stormont was criticised
O’Neill was out put under pressure to stop the violence
O’Neill introduced 5 reforms to please NICRA

218
Q

When did O’Neill release his 5 reforms

A

22nd November 1968

219
Q

What were O’Neill’s 5 reforms

A
  1. The allocation of council houses on a points system
  2. The replacement of Londonderry corporation by a development commission (gerrymandering)
  3. The removal of parts of the Special Powers Act
  4. Reforms within the local government including the ending of extra votes for business owners
  5. The appointment of an ombudsman to investigate complaints
220
Q

What 2 reforms were missing from O’Neill’s reforms

A
  1. End B-Specials

2. End discrimination in jobs eg the civil service

221
Q

What did NICRA think of O’Neill’s reforms

A

NICRA kept marching

222
Q

What did O’Neill do on the 9th November 1968

A

O’Neill went on TV to hammer in that he was in support of NICRA

223
Q

What happened to the minister that critized O’Neill’s reforms

A

O’Neill sacked him

224
Q

What did unionists think about O’Neill’s reforms

A

Unionists felt their position was under threat because Nationalists were getting too much power which could lead to a aunties Ireland

225
Q

Who were some key figures in relation to the People’s Democracy

A

Michael Farrell and Bernadette Devlin

226
Q

What were the People’s Democracy’s aims

A
  1. One Man One Vote
  2. Fair boundaries
  3. Houses on need
  4. Jobs in merit
  5. Free speech
  6. Repeal of the Special Powers Act
227
Q

What happened on the 4th January 1969

A

The People’s Democracy marched from Belfast to Londonderry and were ambushed by retired B-Specials . This put O’Neill under more pressure and got him sympathy from NICRA and Nationalists.

228
Q

When did the People’s Democracy emerge

A

They emerged in 1969

229
Q

Why was the People’s Democracy set up

A

Set up as they were unhappy at the violence NICRA faced. They wanted all 7 aims not 5. Wanted to continue to put pressure on the government

230
Q

Who was the British PM who the PIRA tried to kill in the Brighton bombing

A

Margaret Thatcher

231
Q

Who was the British PM who signed the 1998 Good Friday Agreement

A

Tony Blair

232
Q

Who was the British PM who introduced direct rule in 1972

A

Heath

233
Q

Who was the British PM who made “Spongers” speech in 1974

A

John Major

234
Q

Who was the British PM who signed 1993 Downing Street Declaration

A

Harold Wilson

235
Q

Who was the Irish PM who signed the 1993 Downing Street Declaration

A

Albert Reynolds

236
Q

Who was the PIRA leader in the H Blocks during the Hunger Strikes

A

Bobby Sands

237
Q

Who was the Irish PM who signed the Anglo-Irish Agreement

A

Fitzgerald

238
Q

Who was the NI PM who resigned in March 1972

A

Faulkner

239
Q

Who was the NI PM who resigned in 1974

A

Faulkner

240
Q

When was the start of direct rule

A

24th March 1972

241
Q

When was the Sunningdale agreement

A

9th December 1973

242
Q

When was the start of the Power Sharing Executive

A

1st January 1974

243
Q

When was the end of UWC strike

A

29th May 1974

244
Q

When was the start of the Hunger Strikes

A

27th October 1980

245
Q

When was the Unionist protest rally against 1985 Anglo-Irish Agreement

A

November 23rd 1985

246
Q

When was the signing of the Downing Street Declaration

A

December 1993

247
Q

When was the PIRA ceasefire

A

August 1994

248
Q

When was the Loyalist ceasefire

A

October 1994

249
Q

When was the first meeting of the NI Assembly

A

July 1998

250
Q

What was the Nationalist reaction to the start of Direct Rule

A

They liked it because discrimination stopped and Stormont closed

251
Q

What was the PIRA reaction to the start of Direct Rule

A

They were against it because English Government were in control

252
Q

Why did the UUUC hate the Sunningdale Agreement

A

They disliked it because it gave the Republic of Ireland power (Council of Ireland)

253
Q

What actions were taken by UWC in 1974

A

Power cuts, fuel shortages and road blocks

254
Q

What was the reason for the hunger strike

A

Political prisoner status was removed

255
Q

What was the unionist reaction to hunger strike

A

They were opposed because ether saw them as terrorists

256
Q

What was the major term of the 1985 Anglo-Irish Agreement

A

It gave Ireland a say in NI

257
Q

What was the unionist response to the 1985 Anglo-Irish Agreement

A

They were opposed

258
Q

What was the major term 1993 Downing Street Declaration

A

A United Ireland couldn’t be forced unless there was a majority vote

259
Q

What were some terms of the 1998 Good Friday Agreement

A

Power Sharing Executive set up and NI assembly set up

260
Q

Which 5 groups were at the Sunningdale Agreement meeting

A
  1. Westminster
  2. SDLP
  3. APNI
  4. Irish Government
  5. OUP
261
Q

Who were the UUUC

A

They were the United Ulster Unionist Council

262
Q

Why were the UUUC not at the Sunningdale Agreement meeting

A

They opposed the Power Sharing Executive

263
Q

How did the SDLP and OUP react to the Sunningdale Agreement

A

They disliked it as it made a United Ireland more likely

264
Q

How did the UUUC react to the Sunningdale Agreement

A

They didn’t want a power sharing executive

265
Q

How did the IRA react to the Sunningdale Agreement

A

They disliked and bombed London a week before Christmas

266
Q

How many people were killed on the 17th May 1974 in the strikes

A

27 people killed

267
Q

When did the power sharing executive start

A

January 1974

268
Q

What was the “spongers” speech and who gave it

A

The speech said that all NI people do is live off the British ad it was given by Wilson

269
Q

What happened after the army was ordered into NI

A

After the army was ordered to take control of petrol stations. As a result the UWC did a total shutdown of NI

270
Q

What happened in the February 1974 election

A

UUUC won most votes and labour won the election

271
Q

What happened on the 14th May 1974

A

UUUC stoked with UWC to bring down PSE. UDA involved in the strikes and trade unions involved in the strikes

272
Q

What did strikers do in 1974

A

Strikers put up roadblocks and rationed food

273
Q

What were political prisoners

A

Some prisoners were given privileges and weren’t treated like they were in a prison known as political prisoners

274
Q

What was the blanket protest

A

This was when the IRA and INLA prisoners refused to wear their prison uniforms

275
Q

What was the dirty protest

A

Where prisoners willingly chose to urinate or defecate without the use of proper facilities

276
Q

When was the start of the second hunger strikes

A

1981

277
Q

What changed in the second hunger strikes

A

They didn’t all strike at once so it was longer and the impact greater

278
Q

What election did Bobby Sands win

A

1981 Tyrone election

279
Q

Who was the leader of the hunger strikes

A

Bobby Sands

280
Q

When did Bobby Sands die

A

5th May 1981

281
Q

When did the hunger strikes end

A

3rd October 1981

282
Q

Why did the hunger strikes stop

A

Prisoners didn’t have to wear uniforms anymore, special category status reinstated and more visits more often.

283
Q

Who was the GB PM who dealt with the strikes

A

Margaret Thatcher

284
Q

Did the unionists support the hunger strikes or the GB PM

A

The unionists didn’t support the strikes and instead supported the GB PM as they feared increasing paramilitary violence

285
Q

Did the nationalists support the hunger strikes or the GB PM

A

Nationalists supported the strikes and not the GB government actions. Their support for PIRA also didn’t grow

286
Q

Who took over the SDLP after the hungers strikes

A

John Humes

287
Q

Who in Sinn Fein wanted peaceful protests

A

Gerry Adams and Martin McGuinas