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GCSE History > GCSE Norman booklet 1 > Flashcards

GCSE Norman booklet 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

When was William the Conqueror crowned king of England?

A

Christmas Day, 1066

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2
Q

How many housecarls were there in the Saxon army?

A

2500-3000

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3
Q

What was the population of Britain in 1066?

A

2 million

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4
Q

Who did Edward the Confessor marry and how was the related to the Godwins?

A

Edith, daughter of Earl Godwin

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5
Q

How many Earldoms were there in Anglo-Saxon Britain?

A

4: Wessex, Northumbria, Mercia and East Anglia

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6
Q

Which group of nobles advised Anglo-Saxon kings?

A

The Witan

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7
Q

Who was the youngest claimant to the throne of England in 1066

A

Edgar Aetheling, 14 years old

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8
Q

What was the name of the Viking claimant to the English throne?

A

Harald Hardraada

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9
Q

How long had Harald Hardraada ruled over Norway?

A

20 years

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10
Q

Which member of the Godwin family supported Harald Hardraada?

A

Tostig Godwinson (Harold Godwinson’s brother)

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11
Q

What was Duke William of Normandy’s claim to the throne of England?

A

Edward the Confessor was raised in Normandy and Harold Godwinson swore an oath to help William become king in 1064

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12
Q

What was Harold Godwinson’s claim to the throne of England?

A

Head of the most powerful family in England and had been Edward the Confessor’s sub-regulus

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13
Q

What types of soldiers made up the Anglo-Saxon army?

A

Housecarls (professional soldiers), thegns (lords) and fyrds (peasants)

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14
Q

Who raided the south coast of England before the Norman invasion

A

Tostig, who failed and fled north to wait for Harald Hardraada

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15
Q

Who did William gain the support of before the Norman invasion?

A

The Pope - William was given his banner

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16
Q

How big was William’s army before the Norman invasion

A

7000 soldiers, 3000 horses and 700 ships

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17
Q

What mistake did Harold Godwinson make on 8th September, 1066?

A

He sent many of his soldiers home to bring in the harvest (many were farmers!)

18
Q

How big was Harald Hardraada’s invasion fleet and army?

A

300 ships and 8000 soldiers

19
Q

What was the first battle that took place between Saxons and the Viking in 1066?

A

Battle of Fulford Gate, 20th September 1066

20
Q

Who won the Battle of Fulford Gate?

A

Harald Hardraada; Earls Edwin and Morcar were defeated and fled

21
Q

When was the Battle of Stamford Bridge and what was the outcome?

A

25th September, 1066; Harald Hardraada and Tostig were killed

22
Q

How far did Harold Godwinson have to march to meet William at Hastings?

A

200 miles in just 4-5 days from York

23
Q

When was the Battle of Hastings?

A

14th October 1066

24
Q

How big were both the Saxon and Norman armies

A

6000-7000 troops each

25
Q

What types of soldiers made up the Norman army at Hastings?

A

Soldiers, archers and cavalry

26
Q

What defensive technique did the Saxons use at Hastings?

A

The shield wall

27
Q

What did William do when there were rumours he was dead at the Battle of Hastings?

A

He took off his helmet and spoke inspirational words to his army

28
Q

What tactic did William’s soldiers use to make the Saxon soldiers move off Senlac Hill?

A

The feigned retreat (pretending to run away)

29
Q

Following Hastings, which town did William attack to punish the Saxons?

A

Romney

30
Q

Which leading Saxon nobles were given land to make them loyal to William?

A

Edwin, Morcar, Waltheof and Edgar Aetheling

31
Q

Which city in Devon did William beseige and how long did they last?

A

Exeter lasted for 18 days!

32
Q

What was William’s attack on the north of England called and when was this?

A

The Harrying of the North and 1069

33
Q

How many died during the Harrying of the North?

A

100,000

34
Q

What was the name of the Saxon freedom fighter who rebelled against William in East Anglia?

A

Hereward the Wake

35
Q

What type of castle did the Normans built on arriving in England?

A

Motte and bailey castles

36
Q

How long did it take to build a motte and bailey castle?

A

2 weeks

37
Q

Where did the Normans build their castles?

A

In strategic places (e.g. river crossing) and in pro-Saxon areas

38
Q

When did William I die?

A

9th September 1087

39
Q

What was William II’s nickname and why?

A

William Rufus because he had red hair or a red beard

40
Q

Which Norman rebelled against William II?

A

Bishop Odo in 1088

41
Q

When did William II die and how?

A

2nd August 1100, he was shot with an arrow whilst hunting

42
Q

Who became king after William II?

A

His brother, Henry I

GCSE History (12 decks)

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