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HCHS GCSE History > GCSE Medicine Booklet 1 > Flashcards

GCSE Medicine Booklet 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What caused St Anthony’s disease?

A

Fungus in bread

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2
Q

What percentage of chidren, in medieval times, died before the age of seven?

A

30%

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3
Q

How did medieval people try to cure rheumatism?

A

Wear a donkey skin

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4
Q

What was Bald’s Leechbook?

A

A 10th century medical text

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5
Q

What theory did Hippocrates establish?

A

The Four Humours

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6
Q

How did Hippocrates influence later medicine?

A

He wrote 60 books and his ideas were used in Western medicine for centuries

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7
Q

Where did Galen learn about anatomy?

A

He worked in a gladiator school, in Rome, treating injuries

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8
Q

How did Galen affect later medicine?

A

His books were used as university text books and they taught dissection

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9
Q

Which Arab doctor wrote the first description of smallpox symptoms?

A

Rhazes

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10
Q

Which Arab doctor wrote the book called The Book of Healing and The Canon of Medicine?

A

Avicenna

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11
Q

What medical equipment did Islamic doctors invent?

A

Stitching and scalpels

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12
Q

What are the Four Humours?

A

Blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile

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13
Q

Some people believed that God made diseases but also provided herbal cures. What was this idea called?

A

The Doctrine of Signatures

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14
Q

What did medieval religious people think caused illnesses and epidemics?

A

An individual or a whole society were leading sinful lives

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15
Q

What herb was used to break up kidney stones?

A

Saxifrage

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16
Q

Who carried out minor operations such as pulling teeth?

A

A Barber-surgeon

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17
Q

What would an apothecary sell?

A

He would sell simples – a medicine made of one herb or compounds which were a combination of ingredients e.g. red rose and bamboo juice for treating smallpox

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18
Q

Which women would provide medical care in medieval times?

A

Wise woman, the lady of the manor and nuns

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19
Q

What were the two main charts used by physicians to diagnose illness?

A

Urine charts and Zodiac charts

20
Q

What were the two methods of bleeding done by medical people?

A

Cupping (slicing a vein) and leeches

21
Q

What did people believed caused tooth ache?

A

A tooth worm

22
Q

Why was the Catholic church important in medical care in medieval times?

A

The church encouraged people to prayer for deliverance from illness, people could buy indulgences (special prayers) and go on a pilgrimage to special shrines for a cure, monks and nuns treated people and copied out medical books.

23
Q

Can you name famous medieval shrines?

A

The most famous pilgrimage was to the Holy Land, but in England you could visit Canterbury, Walsingham, Glastonbury or the Priory at Bridlington where St John of Bridlington’s grave was a source of miracles.

24
Q

How many hospitals did the church set up in the 12th and 13th centuries?

A

160

25
Q

What places of learning did the Church help to establish?

A

The church set up university schools of medicine in Europe where physicians were trained using the texts of Galen and Hippocrates

26
Q

How did the medieval church limit medical progress?

A

The church made it difficult for scholars to dissect human bodies, the church’s insistence that Galen’s work should be used limited progress in understanding the human body, Scientists who tried to challenge Galen’s work were often arrested e.g. Roger Bacon

27
Q

What was cauterisation?

A

Cauterisation, where very hot metal was applied to wounds to stop bleeding and was often painful or fatal

28
Q

What diagram was used to treat wounds caused by weapons?

A

The Woundman

29
Q

What did Robert Grosseteste encourage?

A

Scientific enquiry and experiment.

30
Q

How did Bishop Lanfranc assist medicine?

A

Bishop Lanfranc constructed a decent house of stone. He divided the main building into two, one for ill men and the other for women in a bad state of health. He made arrangements for their clothing and daily food.

31
Q

What medieval hospital helped pregnant women?

A

St Bartholomew’s Hospital, London ,1123

32
Q

Which hospital helped “poor and silly people”.

A

St Mary of Bethlehem, 1247

33
Q

Why were medieval towns so unhealthy?

A

Close housing, No waste disposal, contaminated rivers, butchers’ waste in the streets, cesspits for human waste next to wells, animals roamed the streets, rotting food was sold, clothes were very dirty, people drank “small beer”.

34
Q

Which medieval town tried to clean up?

A

Coventry

35
Q

How did Coventry improve its public health?

A

Every man cleaned the street in front of his house, 1420 waste collection started, waste pits and dung hills were moved outside the town, toilets over the stream were banned and butchers were stopped from throwing animal parts into waterways.

36
Q

List 5 causes of the plague, according to medieval people.

A

Bad smells, Four Humours out of balance, comets, planet alignment, Jews poisoning water, wearing fancy clothes, sin, dancing in the streets, long hair, Miasma (evil spirits), God is angry, earthquakes in China

37
Q

How did people try to avoid the plague?

A

Praying, burning tall candles, avoid baths, avoid sex, clean filth from streets, bathe in urine, attend church

38
Q

How did people treat the plague?

A

Pop buboes, attach a live chicken to the buboes, drink a mixture of vinegar and mercury, flagellation, bleeding

39
Q

What were the results of the Black Death?

A

Wages increased for the workers left alive, 1:3 people died, Workers rights improved, many religious people died, towns became deserted

40
Q

How did Islam improve medicine?

A

translated medical books, used clinical observation, understood hygiene, set up hospitals

41
Q

How did Islam hinder medicine?

A

banned dissection, prayed to Allah as a cure

42
Q

What did Ibn al - Nafis discover

A

He discovered how blood was circulated

43
Q

Who was the most famous Muslim surgeon?

A

Abulcasis

44
Q

What was the most common cause of death during surgery in medieval times?

A

Pus and infection

45
Q

Which Italian wrote surgical books such as Cyrurgia which encouraged a more antiseptic approach to surgery?

A

Theodoric of Lucca

HCHS GCSE History (13 decks)

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