GCSE Key Words Flashcards
Resolution
The ability to distinguish between two points
Magnification
The increase in size of an image or object
Prokaryotic cell
Single celled organisms with no nucleus
Eukaryotic cells
Multicellular organisms with nucleus
Diffusion
The net random movement of gas particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration down a concentration gradient
Osmosis
The net random movement of water particles from an area of high water potential to an area of low water potential
Lysis
Water entering a animal cell in a more dilute solution
Water enters the membrane as there is more water outside the cell meaning the cell will expand and burst
Crenation
Water exiting an animal cell in a more concentrated solution
Water will rush out as there is more water inside the cell
The cell will shrivel up
Turgid
Water entering a plant cell in a more dilute solution
The water will enter as there is more outside making the cell firm or turgid
Plasmolysed
Water will leave the cell by osmosis causing the cell membrane to pull away from the cell wall
The cell becomes flaccid
Active transport
The movement of substances from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration against the concentration gradient
Stem cell
An undifferentiated cell that can turn/differentiate into any type of specialised cell
Enzyme
Proteins that speed up the rate of chemical reactions in the living things
Each enzyme can only catalyse one substrate molecule
Transpiration
The evaporation of water from the surface if the leaf resulting in more water being drawn up by the roots
Communicable disease
Disease that can spread or be passed on from one person to the next
Caused by a pathogen
Non-communicable disease
Non-infectious disease (can’t be passed from one person to the other)
Caused by Deficiencies, Bodily disorders or genetic inheritences
Vaccination
An injection of small amounts of any inactive form of a pathogen into the body causing the white blood cells to create lymphocytes which reproduce to make memory lymphocytes with can battle the active pathogen if it ever enters the body
Antiboitics
Chemicals/medicines that kill bacterial pathogens or stop their growth.
Only treat bacterial infections
NOT VIRAL
Photosynthesis
How plants make their food (glucose)
Carbon Dioxide + Water —> Oxygen + Glucose
Limiting factor
When a process depends on two or more factors the rate of that process is limited by the factor in the shortest supply
