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AQA GCSE Biology Unit 1 > B1 GCSE keywords > Flashcards

B1 GCSE keywords Flashcards

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1
Q

All the chemical reactions going on in cells

A

Metabolism

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2
Q

Cell specialised to carry electrical impulses. Nerve cells.

A

Neurone

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2
Q

Carrying out a process, such as producing food, with the minimum loss of energy.

A

Efficiency

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2
Q

The amount of useful product e.g. crop from plants.

A

Yield

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3
Q

A way of showing what organisms eat, showing the flow of energy from one organism to the next.

A

Food chain

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3
Q

Change in the structure of a gene. This may results in a different characteristic being developed.

A

Mutation

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4
Q

Organ such as a gland or muscle that responds to a stimulus.

A

Effector

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5
Q

The survival of organisms better adapted to their environment.

A

Natural selection

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6
Q

The brain and spinal cord.

A

Central nervous system (CNS)

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7
Q

Testing a drug to make sure it works and has no harmful side effects.

A

Clinical trial

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7
Q

Scientific equipment that enables pollution levels to be monitored e.g. pH meters.

A

Non-living indicators

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7
Q

Microscopic organism such as bacteria or fungi.

A

Microbe

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9
Q

Being very overweight

A

Obese

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10
Q

The number of organisms of a species in a given area.

A

Population

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11
Q

Dummy pill or treatment with NO active drug in it.

A

Placebo

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11
Q

Chemical reaction in plants that builds glucose from carbon dioxide and water, using sunlight energy.

A

Photosynthesis

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12
Q

The ability some bacteria develop meaning that an antibiotic will not kill them anymore.

A

Antibiotic resistance

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12
Q

Organ or part of the body that responds to a particular hormone.

A

Target organ

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12
Q

A female sex hormone involved in regulating the menstrual cycle.

A

Oestrogen

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13
Q

The body becomes dependent on a drug and will not function properly without it.

A

Addiction

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14
Q

Your body?s system that fights infections, involving white blood cells and antibodies.

A

Immune system

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15
Q

Release of a mature egg from an ovary.

A

Ovulation

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15
Q

Clinical trial in which neither the patients nor the doctors know whether they are getting the real treatment or a placebo.

A

Double blind trial

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15
Q

Taking part of a plant and making new plants by asexual reproduction.

A

Cuttings

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16
Q

A substance that prevents conception (getting pregnant).

A

Contraception

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17
Q

Sudden outbreak of a disease that affects many people within a country.

A

Epidemic

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18
Q

A plants response to the pull of gravity. Roots grow towards it, and sshoots grow away from it.

A

Geotropic

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19
Q

Hormones produced in the sex organs (ovaries and testes).

A

Sex hormones

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20
Q

Chemical that carries the genetic code.

A

DNA

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20
Q

Changing an organism?s genes to give it desirable characteristics.

A

Genetic modification

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20
Q

Weedkiller.

A

Herbicide

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20
Q

Chemical sprayed onto crop plants to kill pests such as insects.

A

Pesticide

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21
Q

Fertilisation carried out outside the body, so the egg and sperm join in a glass dish to form an embryo that is injected back into the women?s uterus.

A

In vitro fertilisation (IVF)

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21
Q

If you are addicted to a drug, when you stop taking it you get unpleasant symptoms such as pain and tremors.

A

Withdrawal symptoms

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23
Q

Fast automatic response of the body to a potentially dangerous stimulus, coordinated by the spinal cord.

A

Reflex action

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24
Q

Small gap between neurones, or between a neurone and effector.

A

Synapse

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25
Q

A female sex hormone, involved in making eggs mature in the ovaries.

A

FSH

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26
Q

Single-celled microorganism, 1-5 ?m long. They do not have DNA enclosed inside a nucleus

A

Bacteria

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26
Q

Segment of DNA that codes for a particular characteristic or protein.

A

Gene

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27
Q

Reproduction without gametes/sex cells, using mitosis.

A

Asexual reproduction

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28
Q

Charged particle, e.g. Na+, K+, Mg+.

A

Ion

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29
Q

A process by which microbes break down dead bodies or waste.

A

Decay

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30
Q

A plant hormone that causes shoots and roots to bend.

A

Auxin

32
Q

A female sex hormone involved in maintaining the uterus lining.

A

Progesterone

33
Q

Substance put into the environment by human activity, which is not normally there.

A

Pollutant

34
Q

Indicator species scientists have learnt to use to help measure pollution levels e.g. lichens.

A

Living indicators

35
Q

Structure inside an organism that makes a useful substance, often a hormone.

A

Gland

36
Q

Reproduction involving the joining of gametes from two parents.

A

Sexual reproduction

37
Q

A process by which carbon moves between the living and non-living world and back again.

A

Carbon cycle

38
Q

Something that an organism needs to survive e.g. food, space, water.

A

Resource

39
Q

Adaptation of a cactus to have leaves with reduced surface area and pointed ends.

A

Spines

40
Q

Drug used as a sleeping pill and for morning sickness without clinical trials. It caused birth defects with thousands on new babies.

A

Thalidomide

41
Q

Feature of the body that helps an organism survive.

A

Adaptation

43
Q

Diet that has the right amount of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, water and fibre, and gives you enough energy

A

Balanced diet

44
Q

Species that survive best at certain levels of pollution, and give an idea of the pollution level e.g. rat tailed maggot.

A

Indicator species

46
Q

Special protein in the body that can bind to a particular antigen and destroy a particular pathogen.

A

Antibody

46
Q

Structure in a cell nucleus that consist of one molecule of DNA that has condensed.

A

Chromosome

48
Q

Cell or sense organ that detects stimuli.

A

Receptor

50
Q

A drug used illegally by some athletes to help improve their performance in competition e.g. steroids.

A

Performance enhancing drugs

50
Q

The scientist who came up with the theory of evolution through natural selection.

A

Darwin

51
Q

Produce a hormone in special cells of a gland.

A

Secrete

53
Q

Change in the environment, such as a temperature change, that you respond to.

A

Stimulus

54
Q

The struggle between organisms to get enough resources to survive.

A

Competition

55
Q

The scientist who believed in the inheritance of acquired characteristics e.g. the giraffes? stretched neck.

A

Lamarck

57
Q

Special protein on the surface of pathogenic cells. Bind matching antibodies during the immune response.

A

Antigen

58
Q

A way of showing the biomass of organisms at each link in the food chain.

A

Pyramid of biomass

59
Q

Group of organisms that are similar and capable of producing fertile offspring.

A

Species

60
Q

Biological catalyst made of protein. They speed up chemical reactions in living organisms.

A

Enzyme

62
Q

Monthly cycle in adult females.

A

Menstrual cycle

63
Q

Chemical that alters the way your brain or body works.

A

Drug

65
Q

How quickly all the reactions are going on in cells

A

Metabolic rate

66
Q

Genetically identical organisms.

A

Clones

67
Q

After you have made antibodies to a pathogen, you are able to fight off the pathogen in future without getting ill.

A

Immunity

68
Q

Chemical added to soil to improve mineral content and promote plant growth.

A

Fertiliser

69
Q

Plant growth response to a stimulus.

A

Tropism

70
Q

A female sex hormone involved in triggering ovulation.

A

LH

71
Q

Method of cloning for animals. A fertilised embryo is split so up so each cell can develop into a new individual.

A

Embryo transplant

73
Q

A drug used for medical purposes only, e.g. antibiotics, statins.

A

Medicinal drug

74
Q

Changing an organism?s genes by inserting a gene from another organism.

A

Genetic engineering

75
Q

The ability to do work in the body to maintain life.

A

Energy

76
Q

Poison

A

Toxin

76
Q

Plant adaptation of having reduced leaves with small surface area.

A

Needles

77
Q

Chemical reaction in living organisms that releases energy from glucose, producing water and carbon dioxide.

A

Respiration

79
Q

Chemical, usually made by fungi or bacteria, that can be used as medicine to kill other fungi or bacteria.

A

Antibiotic

81
Q

Drug that stops you feeling pain e.g. paracetamol.

A

Painkiller

82
Q

Gradual change in an organism over time.

A

Evolution

83
Q

The colouring of an animal that allows it to blend in with its surroundings.

A

Camouflage

85
Q

A drug taken for pleasure with no medicinal purpose e.g. caffeine, nicotine, alcohol.

A

Recreational drug

86
Q

Chemical made by a gland and carried in the blood to its target organ(s).

A

Hormone

87
Q

Very infectious pathogen. Can only reproduce inside a host cell

A

Virus

88
Q

Medicinal drugs that reduce the amount of cholesterol made by the body

A

Statins

89
Q

Nerves carrying information from sense organs in the body to the CNS, and from the CNS to effectors.

A

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

90
Q

Plants response to the direction of light. Shoots grow towards it, and roots grow away from it.

A

Phototropic

91
Q

Epidemic that sweeps across continents or the whole world.

A

Pandemic

93
Q

The location where species are found over the total area where they occur. E.g. woodlice have a high distribution under a log.

A

Distribution

94
Q

Sex cells e.g. sperm and egg. They have half the normal amount of chromosomes.

A

Gametes

95
Q

A microorganism that can cause an infectious disease

A

Pathogen

96
Q

Growing whole new plants from small groups of cells taken from one plant.

A

Tissue culture

98
Q

Small organisms, seen under a microscope e.g. bacteria and viruses

A

Microorganism

99
Q

Organisms that can withstand extreme environmental conditions e.g. thermophiles can withstand extreme temperatures.

A

Extremophiles

100
Q

How you feel when you have a disease e.g. headache, nausea

A

Symptoms

101
Q

Disease caused by not eating enough of a particular nutrient e.g. Scurvy from too little vitamin C

A

Deficiency disease

102
Q

Major subdivision in the classification of living organisms, e.g. plant kingdom.

A

Kingdom

104
Q

Medical procedure that involves injecting dead or inactive pathogens into a patient to stimulate the body to create antibodies.

A

Immunisation

105
Q

Sorting organisms into groups (e.g. kingdoms) according to their characteristics.

A

Classification

106
Q

The total amount of the surface of an organism or part of an organism.

A

Surface area

107
Q

Removing the nucleus from an unfertilised egg and replacing it with the nucleus from another cell taken from an adult organism. The new cell can develop into a new organism.

A

Adult cell cloning

AQA GCSE Biology Unit 1 (5 decks)

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