B1 GCSE keywords Flashcards
Get as many right as possible
1
Q
All the chemical reactions going on in cells
A
Metabolism
2
Q
Cell specialised to carry electrical impulses. Nerve cells.
A
Neurone
2
Q
Carrying out a process, such as producing food, with the minimum loss of energy.
A
Efficiency
2
Q
The amount of useful product e.g. crop from plants.
A
Yield
3
Q
A way of showing what organisms eat, showing the flow of energy from one organism to the next.
A
Food chain
3
Q
Change in the structure of a gene. This may results in a different characteristic being developed.
A
Mutation
4
Q
Organ such as a gland or muscle that responds to a stimulus.
A
Effector
5
Q
The survival of organisms better adapted to their environment.
A
Natural selection
6
Q
The brain and spinal cord.
A
Central nervous system (CNS)
7
Q
Testing a drug to make sure it works and has no harmful side effects.
A
Clinical trial
7
Q
Scientific equipment that enables pollution levels to be monitored e.g. pH meters.
A
Non-living indicators
7
Q
Microscopic organism such as bacteria or fungi.
A
Microbe
9
Q
Being very overweight
A
Obese
10
Q
The number of organisms of a species in a given area.
A
Population
11
Q
Dummy pill or treatment with NO active drug in it.
A
Placebo
11
Q
Chemical reaction in plants that builds glucose from carbon dioxide and water, using sunlight energy.
A
Photosynthesis
12
Q
The ability some bacteria develop meaning that an antibiotic will not kill them anymore.
A
Antibiotic resistance
12
Q
Organ or part of the body that responds to a particular hormone.
A
Target organ
12
Q
A female sex hormone involved in regulating the menstrual cycle.
A
Oestrogen
13
Q
The body becomes dependent on a drug and will not function properly without it.
A
Addiction
14
Q
Your body?s system that fights infections, involving white blood cells and antibodies.
A
Immune system
15
Q
Release of a mature egg from an ovary.
A
Ovulation
15
Q
Clinical trial in which neither the patients nor the doctors know whether they are getting the real treatment or a placebo.
A
Double blind trial
15
Q
Taking part of a plant and making new plants by asexual reproduction.
A
Cuttings
16
A substance that prevents conception (getting pregnant).
Contraception
17
Sudden outbreak of a disease that affects many people within a country.
Epidemic
18
A plants response to the pull of gravity. Roots grow towards it, and sshoots grow away from it.
Geotropic
19
Hormones produced in the sex organs (ovaries and testes).
Sex hormones
20
Chemical that carries the genetic code.
DNA
20
Changing an organism?s genes to give it desirable characteristics.
Genetic modification
20
Weedkiller.
Herbicide
20
Chemical sprayed onto crop plants to kill pests such as insects.
Pesticide
21
Fertilisation carried out outside the body, so the egg and sperm join in a glass dish to form an embryo that is injected back into the women?s uterus.
In vitro fertilisation (IVF)
21
If you are addicted to a drug, when you stop taking it you get unpleasant symptoms such as pain and tremors.
Withdrawal symptoms
23
Fast automatic response of the body to a potentially dangerous stimulus, coordinated by the spinal cord.
Reflex action
24
Small gap between neurones, or between a neurone and effector.
Synapse
25
A female sex hormone, involved in making eggs mature in the ovaries.
FSH
26
Single-celled microorganism, 1-5 ?m long. They do not have DNA enclosed inside a nucleus
Bacteria
26
Segment of DNA that codes for a particular characteristic or protein.
Gene
27
Reproduction without gametes/sex cells, using mitosis.
Asexual reproduction
28
Charged particle, e.g. Na+, K+, Mg+.
Ion
29
A process by which microbes break down dead bodies or waste.
Decay
30
A plant hormone that causes shoots and roots to bend.
Auxin
32
A female sex hormone involved in maintaining the uterus lining.
Progesterone
33
Substance put into the environment by human activity, which is not normally there.
Pollutant
34
Indicator species scientists have learnt to use to help measure pollution levels e.g. lichens.
Living indicators
35
Structure inside an organism that makes a useful substance, often a hormone.
Gland
36
Reproduction involving the joining of gametes from two parents.
Sexual reproduction
37
A process by which carbon moves between the living and non-living world and back again.
Carbon cycle
38
Something that an organism needs to survive e.g. food, space, water.
Resource
39
Adaptation of a cactus to have leaves with reduced surface area and pointed ends.
Spines
40
Drug used as a sleeping pill and for morning sickness without clinical trials. It caused birth defects with thousands on new babies.
Thalidomide
41
Feature of the body that helps an organism survive.
Adaptation
43
Diet that has the right amount of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, water and fibre, and gives you enough energy
Balanced diet
44
Species that survive best at certain levels of pollution, and give an idea of the pollution level e.g. rat tailed maggot.
Indicator species
46
Special protein in the body that can bind to a particular antigen and destroy a particular pathogen.
Antibody
46
Structure in a cell nucleus that consist of one molecule of DNA that has condensed.
Chromosome
48
Cell or sense organ that detects stimuli.
Receptor
50
A drug used illegally by some athletes to help improve their performance in competition e.g. steroids.
Performance enhancing drugs
50
The scientist who came up with the theory of evolution through natural selection.
Darwin
51
Produce a hormone in special cells of a gland.
Secrete
53
Change in the environment, such as a temperature change, that you respond to.
Stimulus
54
The struggle between organisms to get enough resources to survive.
Competition
55
The scientist who believed in the inheritance of acquired characteristics e.g. the giraffes? stretched neck.
Lamarck
57
Special protein on the surface of pathogenic cells. Bind matching antibodies during the immune response.
Antigen
58
A way of showing the biomass of organisms at each link in the food chain.
Pyramid of biomass
59
Group of organisms that are similar and capable of producing fertile offspring.
Species
60
Biological catalyst made of protein. They speed up chemical reactions in living organisms.
Enzyme
62
Monthly cycle in adult females.
Menstrual cycle
63
Chemical that alters the way your brain or body works.
Drug
65
How quickly all the reactions are going on in cells
Metabolic rate
66
Genetically identical organisms.
Clones
67
After you have made antibodies to a pathogen, you are able to fight off the pathogen in future without getting ill.
Immunity
68
Chemical added to soil to improve mineral content and promote plant growth.
Fertiliser
69
Plant growth response to a stimulus.
Tropism
70
A female sex hormone involved in triggering ovulation.
LH
71
Method of cloning for animals. A fertilised embryo is split so up so each cell can develop into a new individual.
Embryo transplant
73
A drug used for medical purposes only, e.g. antibiotics, statins.
Medicinal drug
74
Changing an organism?s genes by inserting a gene from another organism.
Genetic engineering
75
The ability to do work in the body to maintain life.
Energy
76
Poison
Toxin
76
Plant adaptation of having reduced leaves with small surface area.
Needles
77
Chemical reaction in living organisms that releases energy from glucose, producing water and carbon dioxide.
Respiration
79
Chemical, usually made by fungi or bacteria, that can be used as medicine to kill other fungi or bacteria.
Antibiotic
81
Drug that stops you feeling pain e.g. paracetamol.
Painkiller
82
Gradual change in an organism over time.
Evolution
83
The colouring of an animal that allows it to blend in with its surroundings.
Camouflage
85
A drug taken for pleasure with no medicinal purpose e.g. caffeine, nicotine, alcohol.
Recreational drug
86
Chemical made by a gland and carried in the blood to its target organ(s).
Hormone
87
Very infectious pathogen. Can only reproduce inside a host cell
Virus
88
Medicinal drugs that reduce the amount of cholesterol made by the body
Statins
89
Nerves carrying information from sense organs in the body to the CNS, and from the CNS to effectors.
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
90
Plants response to the direction of light. Shoots grow towards it, and roots grow away from it.
Phototropic
91
Epidemic that sweeps across continents or the whole world.
Pandemic
93
The location where species are found over the total area where they occur. E.g. woodlice have a high distribution under a log.
Distribution
94
Sex cells e.g. sperm and egg. They have half the normal amount of chromosomes.
Gametes
95
A microorganism that can cause an infectious disease
Pathogen
96
Growing whole new plants from small groups of cells taken from one plant.
Tissue culture
98
Small organisms, seen under a microscope e.g. bacteria and viruses
Microorganism
99
Organisms that can withstand extreme environmental conditions e.g. thermophiles can withstand extreme temperatures.
Extremophiles
100
How you feel when you have a disease e.g. headache, nausea
Symptoms
101
Disease caused by not eating enough of a particular nutrient e.g. Scurvy from too little vitamin C
Deficiency disease
102
Major subdivision in the classification of living organisms, e.g. plant kingdom.
Kingdom
104
Medical procedure that involves injecting dead or inactive pathogens into a patient to stimulate the body to create antibodies.
Immunisation
105
Sorting organisms into groups (e.g. kingdoms) according to their characteristics.
Classification
106
The total amount of the surface of an organism or part of an organism.
Surface area
107
Removing the nucleus from an unfertilised egg and replacing it with the nucleus from another cell taken from an adult organism. The new cell can develop into a new organism.
Adult cell cloning
