GCSE Chapter 1 Flashcards
What is a eukaryotic cell
Cells that are complex and have a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles.
An example of eukaryotic is animal and plant cells.
What is a prokaryotic cell
Prokaryotic cells are smaller and simpler cells that lack a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles.
An example is bacteria cells.
List all the sub cellular structures in animal cells
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
ribosomes
List all the structures of plant cells
Nucleus
cytoplasm
cell membrane
mitochondria
cell wall
chloroplasts
vacuole
ribosomes
What subcellular structures do bacteria cells have
Chromosomal DNA
plasmid DNA
flagellum
cell wall
cell membrane
cytoplasm
ribosomes
What does the nucleus do
Contains genetic material that controls the activities of the cell. Genetic material is arranged into chromosomes.
What does the cytoplasm do
It’s a gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen.
It contains enzymes that control these reactions.
What does the cell membrane do
Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out
What does mitochondria do
These are where most of the reactions for aerobic respiration take place.
Respiration transfers energy that the cell needs to work.
What do ribosomes do
Protein synthesis
what does the cell wall do
It’s a rigid structure made of cellulose. It supports and strengthens the cell
What does the vacuole do
Contains cell sap (a weak solution of sugar and salts)
It maintains the internal pressure to support the cell.
what does Chloroplasts do
This is where photosynthesis takes place.
They contain a green substance called chlorophyll, which absorbs the light needed for photosynthesis
What does a flagellum do
This is a long hair-like structure of hat rotates to make the bacterium move
What are specialised cells
A cell that performs a specific function
eg. egg sperm cell
