Chapter 2 Flashcards
What happens when a cell divides by mitosis
Two genetically identical daughter cells are formed
What is mitosis used for
To grow and replace damaged cells.
Some organisms use mitosis for asexual reproduction
What happens in interphase
Before the cell divides, it has to grow and increase the amount of sub cellular structures.
Then it duplicates its DNA
What happens during prophase
The chromosomes condense, getting shorter and fatter.
The membrane around the nucleus breaks down and the chromosomes lie free in the cytoplasm
What happens during metaphase
The chromosomes line up at the centre of the cell
What happens during anaphase
Spindle fibres pull the chromosomes apart.
Then the chromatids are pulled to opposite ends of the cell.
What happens during telophase
Membranes form around each of the sets of the chromosomes.
These become the nuclei of the two new cells- the nucleus has been divided
What happens in cytokinesis
before telophase ends, The cytoplasm and cell membrane divide to form two separate cells.
What is growth
An increase in size or mass
What is cell elongation
Where a plant cell expands, making the cell bigger and so making the plant grow
How does cell division happen in animals
Animals tend to grow when they are young then they reach their full potential and stop growing
So when they’re young cells divide at a fast rate but once they’re an adult most cell division is used for repair- the cells divide to replace old or damaged cells
What happens in plant growth
Their growth in height is usually due to cell elongation
Cell division usually happens in the tips of the and roots and shoots.
Plants continue to grow continuously and continue to differentiate to develop new plants
What is differentiation
The process by which a cell changes to become specialised for its job
What are stem cells
Undifferentiated cells.
They are special cells that can develop into many different types of cells. They also fixed damaged tissue
What are meristems
regions of unspecialised cells in plants that are capable of cell division
