GCSE BIO CELLS TISSUES AND ORGANS

Question 1

Describe the special adaptions of a blood cell and what its purpose is.

Answer 1

The purpose of a red blood cell is to carry oxygen around the body. So that it maximises efficiency it has no nucleus and is a biconal in shape meaning that there is more room for haemoglobin which enables it to carry more oxygen.

Question 2

What is Haemoglobin?

Answer 2

is the oxygen-transport protein in the red blood cells

Question 3

what is a pheromone?

Answer 3

A pheromone is a chemical substance produced and released into the environment by an animal, especially a mammal or an insect, affecting the behaviour or physiology of others of its species.

Question 4

Name all the organelles found in the typical animal cell……

Answer 4

Cell membrane,

Ribosomes,

Mitochondria,

Cytoplasm,

Nucleus,

Question 5

Name all the organelles found in the typical plant cell

Answer 5

Cell wall

cytoplasm

Permanent vacuole

chloroplasts

nucleus

Mitochondria

Ribosomes

Cell Membrane

Question 6

What do ribosomes do?

Answer 6

Where protein synthesis takes place. All the proteins neededin the cell are made here.

Question 7

What is the purpose of the cell membrane?

Answer 7

Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Question 8

What is the purpose/function of cytoplasm?

Answer 8

the cytoplasm is a liquid gel where most of the chemical reactions needed for life take place in.

Question 9

What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?

Answer 9

Controls all the activities of the cell it contains the genes on the chromosomes they carry the instruction for making new cells or new organisms.

Question 10

What is the purpose of chloroplasts?

Answer 10

Chloroplasts are found in all the green parts of the plant. They are green because they contain the green substance chlorophyll. Chlorophyll absorbs light energy to make food by photosynthesis. Root cells don’t have chloroplasts because they are underground and do not photosynthesis.

Question 11

What is the function of the permanent vacuole?

Answer 11

The permanent vacuole is a space in the cytoplasm filled with cell sap and like the cell wall gives added ridgidity.

Question 12

what is the purpose of the cell wall?(PLANT CELL)

Answer 12

The cell wall is made of cellulose that strengthens the cell and gives it support.

Question 13

What is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 13

Mitochondria are structures in the cytoplasm where oxygen is used and most energy is released during respiration.

Question 14

What is diffusion?

Answer 14

Diffusion is the Net movement of randomly moving particles in a fluid from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration down a concentration gradient.

Question 15

Define a tissue

Answer 15

A tissue is a group of specialised cells that have the same sructure and function working together.

Question 16

define an organ

Answer 16

an organ is a collection of different tissues working together to perform a particular function more effectively eg. the heart, lungs, intestines.

Question 17

Define an organ system

Answer 17

An organ system eg. The respiratory system, the digestive system, the hormonal system, the nervous system , are collections of organs working together.

Question 19

what is the function of the liver in the digestive system?

Answer 19

the liver cleans the blood, produces bile and stores glycogen.

Question 20

small intestines

Answer 20

part of the intestines where 90% of digestion and absorbtion takes place

Question 21

large intestines

Answer 21

All the water is absorbed here from left over food.

Question 22

Describe the function of the Oesophagus/gullet

Answer 22

carries food, liquids and saliva from the mouth to stomach.

Question 23

give 1 example of a plant organ.

Answer 23

The leaf

Question 24

Name some of the specialised cells, tissues and the overall organ shown here.

Answer 24

The leaf:

Question 25

The rectum

Answer 25

muscles that help push out waste e.g. anal sphyxctus.

Question 27

what is this?

Answer 27

Palisade cells are plant cells found within the mesophyll in leaves, right below the upper epidermis and cuticle. They are vertically elongated, a different shape from spongy mesophyll cells beneath them in the leaf. Their chloroplasts absorb a major portion of the light energy used by the leaf.