GCSE: B1 Cell Structure And Organisation

Question 1

What is a cell?

Answer 1

The smallest unit that can live on its own that makes up all living organisms and the tissues of the body.

Question 2

What are organelles?

Answer 2

A small structure in a cell that is surrounded by a membrane and has a specific function.

Question 3

What are the two main types of cells?

Answer 3

Prokaryotic and Eukaryote.

Question 4

What is the difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryote?

Answer 4

Eukaryote cells have their DNA in a nucleus and have membrane bound organelles but Prokaryotic cells have free DNA, no organelles and only small ribosomes.

Question 5

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 5

Controls what enters and leaves the cell.

Question 6

What is the function of the ribosomes?

Answer 6

The site of protein synthesis.

Question 7

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 7

Gives the cell strength and support.

Question 8

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 8

Site of respiration.

Question 9

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

Answer 9

Site of chemical reactions.

Question 10

What is the function of the vacuole?

Answer 10

Stores cell sap

Question 11

What is the function of the chloroplast?

Answer 11

Contains chlorophyll (A green pigment that absorbs light) Site of photosynthesis.

Question 12

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 12

Controls the cell and contains all the DNA.

Question 13

What does an animal cell have?

Answer 13

Cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes nucleus and cytoplasm.

Question 14

What does a plant cell have?

Answer 14

Cell membrane, cell wall, mitochondria, cytoplasm, vacuole, chloroplast and nucleus.

Question 15

Plants transpo rt water and mineral ions from the roots to the leaves.By which process do the mineral ions enter root hair cells?

Answer 15

Active Transport

Question 16

What is a plant wall composed of?

Answer 16

Cellulose

Question 17

What are some qualities of stem cells?

Answer 17

They are undifferentiated cells and can give rise to other cell types.

Question 18

What are some qualities of embryonic stem cells?

Answer 18

They can develop into any cell types and are mostly derived from left over IVF embryos.

Question 19

Where are stem cells found in plants?

Answer 19

Meristems

Question 20

What is therapeutic cloning a process of creating stem cells with?

Answer 20

The same genes as the patient.

Question 21

What is the calculation for Magnification?

Answer 21

Magnification = Image Size / Actual Size
M = I / A

Question 22

What are the steps to preparing a microscope slide?

Answer 22

1. Place a drop of water on the slide.
2. Using a forceps remove a thin layer of onion.
3. Place the specimen onto the water drop on a glass slide.
4. Using a pipette add 2-3 drops of stain iodine to the specimen.
5. Use blotting paper to soak up any excess liquid.
6. At a 90° angle lower the cover slip over the specimen and avoid air bubbles.

Question 23

Why are microscopes useful?

Answer 23

Microscopes are the tools that allow us to look more closely at objects, seeing beyond what is visible with the naked eye.

Question 24

What is the difference between a light microscope and an electron microscope?

Answer 24

light microscopes are used to study living cells and for regular use when relatively low magnification and resolution is enough. electron microscopes provide higher magnifications and higher resolution images but cannot be used to view living cells.

Question 25

What’s the difference between magnification and resolution?

Answer 25

Magnification is the ability to make small objects seem larger, such as making a microscopic organism visible. Resolution is the ability to distinguish two objects from each other.