GCSE 1 Biological Molecules Flashcards
What is an enzyme?
A substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific reaction.
What is a catalyst?
A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction
What are carbohydrates and what are they made up of?
Carbohydrates are known as sugars and starches and are made up of monosaccharides in the form of simple sugars (glucose, fructose). They help with cellular respiration and are used to build cell structures.
What are proteins and what are they made up of?
Proteins are composed of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur. They are built with chains of amino acids. They aid in growth and are needed for tissue repair.
What is the test for proteins?
Egg white mixed with biuret will turn lilac/purple because protein is present.
What are lipids an what are they made up of?
Lipids consist of glycerol and fatty acids. These are long chains of carbon and hydrogen. They function as long-term energy storage and insulation for the body and acts as insulation.
What is the test for lipids?
Heated milk and benedict solution mixture will turn green or brown because sugar is present.
What does the term organic mean?
If something is organic it contains carbon.
What are the three common elements in all biological molecules?
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Hormones, antibodies, and enzymes are types of ______
Proteins
What is an example of a disaccharide (two simple sugars put together)?
Sucrose
What is the test for carbohydrates?
Potatoes in iodine mixed together will turn blue/black because starch is present
