GB LF Flashcards
1
Q
SCIENTIFIC METHOD:
THE ACTION OR PROCESS OF EXAMINING SOMETHING
Example: Phenomena or Problem
A
OBSERVATION
2
Q
SCIENTIFIC METHOD:
A possible explanation of a specific phenomenon.
Under this:
- A claim about what you can expect to see in nature if a theory or hypothesis is correct.
- A testable explanation of a broad range of phenomena
A
HYPOTHESIS
- PREDICTION
- THEORY
3
Q
SCIENTIFIC METHOD:
An attempt to produce actual observations that match predicted or expected observations.
A
EXPERIMENT or DATA GATHERING
4
Q
SCIENTIFIC METHOD:
A statement whether a theory or hypothesis should be accepted, rejected or modified based on tests derived from prediction of it.
A
CONCLUSION
5
Q
What is the first and last steps of SCIENTIFIC METHOD:
1.
2.
A
OBSERVATION
PUBLICATION
6
Q
PROPERTIES OF LIFE:
Basic unit of life.
A
Cell
7
Q
States that organism are made of the basic unit of life (cell) which come from pre-existing cells via cell division.
A
Cell Theory
8
Q
DOES NOT:
- Metabolize
- Respond to stimuli
- Consist of cell
A
VIRUSES
9
Q
- Consists of cells
- Able to metabolize
- Respond to stimuli
A
Organism
10
Q
MULTIPLY AND EVOLVE
A
VIRUS AND ORGANISMS
11
Q
VIRUS MULTIPLIES WHERE?
A
CELL
12
Q
ORGANISMS MULTIPLY HOW?
A
INDEPENDENTLY
13
Q
DIFFERENT LEVEL OF ORGANIZATIONS:
The smallest non living unit.
A
ATOM
14
Q
TWO OR MORE ATOMS OF THE SAME OR DIFFERENT ELEMENTS BONDED TOGETHER
A
MOLECULE
15
Q
3 OR MORE CHAINS OF THE SAME MOLECULES
A
BIOMOLECULES
16
Q
SACS OR OTHER COMPARTMENTS THAT SEPARATES ACTIVITIES INSIDE THE CELL
A
ORGANELLE
17
Q
SMALLEST LIVING UNIT
- MAYBE UNICELLULAR OR MULTICELLULAR
A
Cells
18
Q
GROUP OF CELLS WITH SAME SPECIALIZED FUNCTIONS
A
TISSUES
19
Q
STRUCTURAL UNITS IN WHICH TISSUES COMBINED IN SPECIFIC AMOUNTS AND PATTERNS ALLOWING THEM TO PERFORM A COMMON TASK.
A
ORGAN
20
Q
TWO OR MORE ORGANS INTERACTING CHEMICALLY, PHYSICALLY OR BOTH.
A
ORGAN SYSTEM
21
Q
AN INDIVIDUAL COMPOSED OF SPECIALIZED, INTERDEPENDENT CELLS ARRAYED IN TISSUES, ORGANS AND OFTEN ORGAN SYSTEM.
A
MULTICELLULAR ORGANISM
22
Q
GROUP IF INDIVIDUALS BELONGING TO THE SAME SPECIES OCCUPYING A GIVEN AREA AT THE SAME TIME
A
POPULATION
23
Q
THE POPULATION OF ALL SPECIES OCCUPYING THE SAME AREA.
A
COMMUNITY
24
Q
A COMMUNITY AND ITS PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
A
ECOSYSTEM
25
INCLUDES THE WHOLE EARTH AND ALL ITS LIVING ORGASIM
BIOSPHERE
26
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1.
2.
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4.
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6.
7.
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9.
10.
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KINGDOM
SUBKINGDOM
PHYLUM
SUBPHYLUM
CLASS
SUBCLASS
ORDER
FAMILY
GENUS
SPECIES
27
WHAT ARE THE SIX (6) KINGDOMS
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ARCHAEBACTERIA
EUBACTERIA
FUNGI
PROTISTA
PLANTAE
ANIMALIA
```
28
MNEMONIC FOR ORGANISM CLASSIFICATION SCHEME
KS
PS
CS
OFGS
29
MNEMONIC FOR 6 KINGDOM CLASSIFICATION
AEF
| PPA
30
- PROKARYOTIC
- UNICELLULAR
- COMMONLY VIEWED AS EXTREMOPHILES
ARCHAEBACTERIA
31
3 EXAMPLES OF ARCHAEBACTERIA
HALOPHILES
THERMOPHILES
METHANOGENS
32
HALOPHILES
THERMOPHILES
METHANOGENS
THESE ARE EXAMPLES OF?
ARCHAEBACTERIA
33
"TRUE BACTERIA"
- PROKARYOTIC
- UNICELLULAR
- RIGID CELL WALLS
- FLAGELLA FOR MOVEMENT
EUBACTERIA
34
STREPTOCOCCUS
LACTOBACILLUS
ESCHERICHIA COLI
THESE ARE EXAMPLES OF?
EUBACTERIA
35
- EUKARYOTIC
- SPORE BEARING
- SAPROPHYTIC (absorptive nutrition)
- PRODUCES SEXUALLY AND ASEXUALLY
FUNGI
36
- MOLDS
- MUSHROOMS
ARE EXAMPLES OF?
FUNGI
37
ASPERGILLUS
RHIZOPUS
SACHHAROMYCES
ARE EXAMPLES OF?
FUNGI
38
- EUKARYOTIC
- UNICELLULAR
- UNICELLULAR COLONIAL
- FORM NO TISSUES
PROTISTA
39
TRYPANOSOMA
PLASMODIUM
DINOFLAGELLATES
THESE ARE EXAMPLES OF?
PROTISTA
40
EUKARYOTIC
AUTOTROPHIC
MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS
PLANTAE
41
GYMNOSPERMS ARE EXAMPLE OF?
PLANTAE
42
EUKARYOTIC
HETEROTROPHIC
MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS
ANIMALIA
43
JELLYFISH
SPONGES
INSECTS
HUMANS
are under what kingdom?
ANIMALIA
44
TRUE BACTERIA
EUBACTERIA
45
ABSORPTIVE NUTRITION
SAPROPHYTIC
46
REPRODUCE SEXUALLY AND ASEXUALLY
FUNGI
47
EXTREMOPHILES
ARCHAEBACTERIA
48
UNICELLULAR COLONIAL
PROTISTA
49
WHAT ARE YOUR UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS
ARCHAEBACTERIA
EUBACTERIA
PROTISTA
50
WHAT ARE YOUR MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS
PLANTAE
| ANIMALIA
51
WHAT ARE YOUR PROKARYOTES
ARCHAEBACTERIA
| EUBACTERIA
52
WHAT ARE YOUR EUKARYOTES
FUNGI
PROTISTA
PLANTAE
ANIMALIA
53
1. Energy Source
2. Sugar Transport
3. Structural roles
CARBOHYDRATES
54
SUBCATEGORIES OF CARBOHYDRATES
MONOSACCHARIDES
OLIGISACCHARIDE
POLYSACCHARIDE
55
SUBCATEGORIES OF LIPIDS: (4)
GLYCERIDES
PHOSPHOLIPIDS
WAXES
STEROIDS
56
SUBCATEGORIES OF LIPIDS:
ENERGY STORAGE
GLYCERIDES
57
SUBCATEGORIES OF LIPIDS:
CELL MEMBRANE COMPONENT
PHOSPHOLIPIDS
58
SUBCATEGORIES OF LIPIDS:
WATER RETENTION BY PLANTS
WAXES
59
SUBCATEGORIES OF LIPIDS:
COMPONENT OF ANIMAL CELL MEMBRANE
STEROIDS
60
SUBCATEGORIES OF PROTEINS:
FIBROUS
| GLOBULAR
61
SUBCATEGORIES OF PROTEINS:
STRUCTURAL ROLE
FIBROUS
62
SUBCATEGORIES OF PROTEINS:
1. INCREASE IN RATE OF REACTION
2. OXYGEN TRANSPORT
3. CONTROL OF GLUCOSE METABOLISM
4. TISSUE DEFENSE
GLOBULAR
63
SUBCATEGORIES OF NUCLEIC ACID: (4)
ATP
NUCLEOTIDE COENZYME (NADP, NADPH)
DNA
RNA
64
SUBCATEGORIES OF NUCLEIC ACID:
Energy carrier
ATP
65
SUBCATEGORIES OF NUCLEIC ACID:
PROTON (H+) AND ELECTRON TRANSPORT STORAGE
NUCLEOTIDE COENZYME
66
SUBCATEGORIES OF NUCLEIC ACID:
TRANSMISSION, TRANSLATION OF GENETIC INFORMATION
DNA AND RNA
67
CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION:
PRESENT IN ALL ORGANISMS. (2)
CELL WALL
| PLASMA
68
FUNCTIONS FOR PROTECTION
CELL WALL
69
STRUCTURAL SUPPORT
CONTROL OF SUBSTANCES IN AND OUT OF CELLS
PLASMA
70
Generally present in EUKARYOTES
nucleus
71
CONTROLS ACTIVITIES OF CELLS
NUCLEUS
72
ASSEMBLY OF RIBOSOMES
NUCLEOLUS
73
ENCODING OF HEREDITARY INFO
| FOUND IN ALL LIVING ORGANISMS
DNA
74
```
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
(varies in the subunits of eukarya and prokarya)
```
RIBOSOME
75
CHO, LIPID AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
76
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM ARE PRESENT ONLY IN?
EUKARYA
77
FINAL MODIFICATION OF PROTEINS
| SYNTHESIS, TRANSPORT AND PACKAGING OF PROTEINS.
GOLGI BODIES
78
INTRACELLULAR DIGESTION
LYSOSOMES
79
ATP FORMATION
MITOCHONDRION
80
GOLGI BODIES
LYSOSOMES
MITOCHONDRION
These organelles are all present in?
EUKARYOTES
81
LIGHT ENERGY CONVERTION
PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENT
82
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
| STARCH STORAGE
CHLOROPLAST
83
INCREASE CELL SURFACE AREA
| STORAGE
CENTRAL VACUOLE
84
PIGMENTS ARE PRESENT IN?
PROKARYA (CYANOBACTERIA)
| EUKARYA
85
- CELL SHAPE
- CELL MOTION
- INTERNAL ORGANIZATION
CYTOSKELETON
86
CELL MOVEMENT
FLAGELLUM AND CILIUM
87
CYTOSKELETON is only present in?
EUKARYOTIC CELLS
88
FLAGELLUM
CILIA
these are all present in?
EUKARYA AND PROKARYA
89
Net movement of ions from a net are of higher concentration to a lower concentration.
DIFFUSION
90
net movement of SOLVENT MOLECULES through a SEMI PERMEABLE MEMBRANE from a region of LOWER WATER CONCENTRATION.
OSMOSIS
91
TWO TYPES OF PASSIVE TRANSPORT:
DIFFUSION
| OSMOSIS
92
TWO TYPES OF DIFFUSION
SIMPLE DIFFUSION
| FACILITATED DIFFUSION
93
DIFFUSION THAT USES PROTEIN CHANNELS
FACILITATED DIFFUSION
94
net movement of molecules from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
95
EXAMPLE OF ACTIVE TRANSPORT
Sodium-Potassium Pump
96
Active transport requires the use of?
ATP (energy)
97
CONCEPTS OF METABOLISM:
2 METABOLIC PATHWAYS
BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAYS
| DEGRADATIVE PATHWAYS
98
PATHWAY WHERE LARGE MOLECULES ARE ASSEMBLED AND ENERGY IS STORED.
BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAY
99
BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAY IS ALSO KNOW AS?
ANABOLIC PATHWAY
100
PATHWAY WHERE LARGE MOLECULES ARE BROKEN DOWN INTO SIMPLE ONES AND ENERGY IS RELEASED
DEGRADATIVE PATHWAY
101
DEGRADATIVE PATHWAY is also known as?
CATABOLIC PATHWAY
102
SUBSTANCES THAT ENTER SPECIFIC REACTIONS
SUBSTRATES OR REACTANTS
103
PROTEINS THAT SERVE AS CATALYST OR speeds up rxn
ENZYMES
104
substances that help catalyze rxn, carry electrons , hydrogen or functional groups stripped from substrates.
cofactors
105
MAINLY ATP WHICH DONATE ENERGY TO OTHER MOLECULES
ENERGY CARRIER
106
SUBSTANCES PRODUCE AT THE END OF METABOLIC PATHWAYS
END PRODUCTS
107
CONSIDERED AS THE ENERGY ACQUIRING PATHWAYS
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
108
main biosynthetic pathway by which carbon and energy enter the web of life.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
109
2 sets of reactions of photosynthesis
LIGHT DEPENDENT
| LIGHT INDEPENDENT
110
LIGHT DEPENDENT REACTIONS
| TAKES PLACE AT THE _______ OF ________
THYLAKOID OF CHLOROPLASTS
111
THE LIGHT DEPENDENT REACTION PRODUCES?
ATP AND NDPH
112
LIGHT INDEPENDENT REACTIONS TAKES PLACE IN?
STROMA
113
WHAT DOES THE LIGHT INDEPENDENT REACTION PRODUCE?
SUGAR PHOSPHATES
114
they are used to build sucrose, starch and other end product of photosynthesis
sugar phosphates
115
WRITE THE PHOTOSYNTHESIS EQUATION IN A PIECE OF PAPER
6CO2 + 12H2O + LIGHT ENERGY (UV) ---- C6H12O6 + 602 + 6H20
116
Energy releasing pathway that occurs only in the cytoplasm
Glycolysis
117
During Glycolysis, a glucose molecule is partially broken down and _ PYRUVATE _ NADH _ ATP are produced but NET ENERGY YIELD IS ONLY _ ATP
2 PYRUVATE
2 NADH
4 ATP
2 ATP
118
SECOND STAGE OF ENERGY RELEASING PATHWAY TAKES PLACE IN?
MITOCHONDRIA
119
GLUCOSE HAS BEEN BROKEN DOWN COMPLETELY TO CO2 AND H2O IN THIS CYCLE
KREB'S CYCLE
120
THE SECOND STAGE PRODUCES HOW MANY COENZYME MOLECULES?
10 COENZYME MOLECULES
121
FINAL PRODUCT OF SECOND STAGE
```
10 COENZYMES ( 8NADH
,2 FADH2)
```
2 ATP
122
THE THIRD STAGE WHICH ALSO HAPPENS IN THE MITOCHONDRIA IS CALLED
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
