gate past year questions BT

Question 1

Eukaryotic transcription is carried out by

Answer 1

DNA-dependent RNA polymerase

Question 2

Acetylcholine released by the parasympathetic nerves has which one of the
following functions in the heart pacemaker cells?

Answer 2

It binds to GPCR and activates G protein to slow the heart rate

Question 3

Determine the correctness or otherwise of the following Assertion [a] and the
Reason [r].
Assertion [a]: In multicellular organisms, cells of different lineages have different
gene expression profiles.
Reason [r]: Alternative splicing is the only mechanism to generate protein
diversity

Answer 3

[a] is true but [r] is false

Question 4

Determine the correctness or otherwise of the following Assertion [a] and the
Reason [r].
Assertion [a]: Chromosome mutations can change the structure of chromosomes.
Reason [r]: All chromosome mutations arise due to nondisjunction of
chromosomes during mitosis or meiosis.

Answer 4

a] is true but [r] is false

Question 5

C-value paradox refers to

Answer 5

the lack of correlation between genome size and genetic complexity of an
organism

Question 6

Which one of the following drugs is NOT an immune checkpoint inhibitor?

Answer 6

Trastuzumab

Question 7

Dendritic cells are involved in cross-presentation of antigens. Which of the
following protein(s) is(are) required for cross-presentation?

Answer 7

Basic leucine zipper ATF-like transcription factor 3 (BATF3)
riant chain peptide (CLIP)

Question 8

What cell is required for the development of B-cells in the bone
marrow?

Answer 8

stromal cells

Question 8

leghemoglobin

Answer 8

binds oxygen to protect nitrogenase

Question 9

The correct sequence of events during bacteriophage infection of a bacterial cell is

Answer 9

landing → attachment → tail contraction → penetration and unplugging → DNA
ejection

Question 10

Intracellular proteins are targeted for proteolytic degradation in proteasomes upon
conjugation with

Answer 10

ubiquitin

Question 11

In ELISA, which of the following enzymes are conjugated to antibodies for
detection of the analyte?

Answer 11

Alkaline phosphatase Horseradish peroxidase

Question 12

In hybridoma technology, which one of the following enzymes is absent in the
myeloma cells that are used for monoclonal antibody production?

Answer 12

Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase

Question 13

Which of the following methods are used for detection of DNA and RNA,
respectively?

Answer 13

Southern and Northern blotting

Question 14

mRNA

Answer 14

. Codes for proteins

Question 15

rRNA

Answer 15

Forms the core of the ribosome structure and
catalyzes protein synthesis

Question 16

miRNA

Answer 16

Regulates post-transcriptional gene
expression

Question 17

tRNA

Answer 17

serves as adaptors between mRNA and
amino acids during protein synthesis

Question 18

Which one of the following programs is used for finding distantly related (or
remote) protein homologs?

Answer 18

PSI-BLAST

Question 19

Which one of the following is used for global alignment of two protein sequences?

Answer 19

Needleman-Wunsch algorithm

Question 20

Which one of the following plant growth regulators facilitate adventitious root
formation?

Answer 20

Auxin

Question 21

Fabry disease in humans is a X-linked disease. The probability (in percentage) for
a phenotypically normal father and a carrier mother to have a son with Fabry
disease is

Answer 21

25%

Question 22

anergy

Answer 22

Unresponsiveness to antigens due to
lack of co-stimulatory molecules

Question 23

activation-induced cell death

Answer 23

Elimination of activated T-cells
after antigen clearance

Question 24

Receptor editing

Answer 24

Elimination of auto-reactive B-cells

Question 25

Regulatory T-cells

Answer 25

. Inhibition of auto-reactive T-cells at
periphery

Question 26

Xerophile

Answer 26

low water

Question 27

mesophile

Answer 27

20 - 45 c

Question 28

halophile

Answer 28

high salt conc

Question 29

T4 bacteriophage genome

Answer 29

dsDNA

Question 30

SARS-CoV-2 genome

Answer 30

ssRNA

Question 31

Pseudomonas phage phi6 genome

Answer 31

dsRNA

Question 32

phiX174 bacteriophage

Answer 32

dsRNA

Question 33

The event(s) that lead(s) to inactivation of tumor suppressor genes in cancer cells
is(are)

Answer 33

gene amplification
(B) promoter methylation
(C) loss of heterozygosity

Question 34

Methylation of CpG islands near the promoter of a gene can inhibit transcription
by

Answer 34

(A) preventing RNA polymerase binding
(B) facilitating repressor binding
(C) facilitating heterochromatin formation

Question 35

induced pluripotent stem
cells

Answer 35

A) They can self-renew
(B) They require specific signals to maintain their stemness
(C) They can form organoids in vitro

Question 36

fluoroquinolone drugs

Answer 36

(A) They contain quinolone ring(s)
(B)They bind to bacterial topoisomerase

Question 37

plant protoplast fusogenic agent

Answer 37

(A) Sodium nitrate
(B) Polyvinyl alcohol
(C) Polyethylene glycol

Question 38

Direct DNA transfer method(s) used for plant genetic engineering is(are)

Answer 38

(A) microparticle bombardment
(B) electroporation
(C) polyethylene glycol treatment

Question 39

vectors used to clone a DNA fragment of size
220 kb

Answer 39

BAC, cosmids

Question 40

DNA sample collected from an unidentified bacterial species (Y) contains 13% of
adenine. The G+C content (in percentage) of Y is ___________.

Answer 40

74