carbohydrates

Question 1

Carbohydrates are

Answer 1

aldehyde or ketone compounds with multiple hydroxyl groups

Question 2

carbohydrates serve as

Answer 2

energy stores, fuels, and metabolic intermediates
structural framework
of RNA and DNA
structural elements in cell walls
mediating interactions among
cells and cells and other elements

Question 3

empirical formula of carbohydrate

Answer 3

(C-H2O)n literally a “carbon hydrate.

Question 4

smallest monosaccharides

Answer 4

dihydroxyacetone(ketose) and d- and l-glyceraldehyde (aldose) n=3 trioses

Question 5

enantiomers

Answer 5

mirror image molecules

Question 6

stereoisomers, diastereoisomers

Answer 6

?

Question 7

fischer projections

Answer 7

atoms joined to an asymmetric carbon atom by horizontal bonds in front
of the plane of the page, and those joined by vertical bonds are behind

Question 8

d and l -

Answer 8

absolute configuration of asymetrical carbon farthest from keto or aldeyde grp

Question 9

aldehyde

Answer 9

?

Question 10

keto grp

Answer 10

?

Question 11

epimers

Answer 11

sugars differing in configuration at a single asymmetric center are called epimers.
glucose and d-mannose are epimeric at C-2

Question 12

ketoses have one fewer asymmetric center than aldoses do with the
same number of carbons. why?

Answer 12

?

Question 13

hemiacetal

Answer 13

aldehyde + alcohol
(structure?)

Question 14

hemiketal

Answer 14

ketone + alcohol

Question 15

pyranose

Answer 15

C1 aldehyde open chain of glucose + C 5 hydroxyl = 6 carbon cyclic hemiacetal
pyranose because similar to pyran

Question 16

furanose

Answer 16

C2 keto grp open chain ketohexose(fructose) + C5 hydroxyl grp = 5carbon cyclic hemiketal furanose, similar to furan.

c2 keto can also react with C6 hydroxyl grp

Question 17

Haworth projections

Answer 17

carbon atoms in the ring are not explicitly shown
The approximate plane of the ring is perpendicular to
the plane of the paper
heavy line on the ring projecting toward the reader