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Developmental Biology > Gastrulation > Flashcards

Gastrulation Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cell adhesion molecules

A

CAMs

Cell surface proteins involved in specific interactions allowing differential cell adhesion

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2
Q

Give 3 examples of cell adhesion molecules

A

Cadherins
Immunoglobin superfamily proteins
Integrins

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3
Q

Name 4 types of cell-cell adhesions

A

Adherens junctions
Desmosome
Calcium dependent adhesion
Cell matrix adhesion

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4
Q

Describe the structure of a cadherin molecule

A

Diner formed via interaction between the two EC1 domains

Part of a large and diverse family
Generally bind homophillically

N-cadherin is specific to neurons

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5
Q

Give 4 essential cell processes that take place during or after gastrulation

A

Cell proliferation, specialisation, movement, interactions

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6
Q

Define gastrulation

A

The process in animal embryos in which prospective endodermal and mesodermal cells move from outer surface of the embryo to the inside where they give rise to internal organs

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7
Q

Gastrula

A

The stage in animal development in which prospective endodermal and mesodermal cells of the blastula or blastoderm move inside the embryo

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8
Q

Invagination

A

Type of cell movement during gastrulation

Infolding of cell sheet into embryo

Eg sea urchin endoderm

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9
Q

Involution

A

Type of cell movement during gastrulation

Inturning of cell sheet over the basal surface of an outer layer

Eg amphibian mesoderm

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10
Q

Ingression

A

Type of cell movement during gastrulation

Migration of individual cells into the embryo

Eg. Sea urchin mesoderm, drosophila neuroblasts

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11
Q

Delamination

A

Type of cell movement during gastrulation

Splitting or migration of one cell sheet into two

Eg mammalian hypoblast

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12
Q

Epiboly

A

Expansion of one cell sheet over other cells

Eg ectoderm formation in amphibians, sea urchins and tunicates

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13
Q

Convergent extension

A

Mechanism that elongates a sheet of cells in one direction while narrowing its width

Occurs by rearranging cells within the sheet rather than by cell migration or division

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14
Q

Dissociated cells expressing different amounts of _____________ reassort themselves into ______________.

Cells with _________ n-cadherin molecules cluster on the ______ of the aggregation. Cells expressing ________ stay at the __________.

A 
N cadherin
Distinct spatial domains 
More
Inside 
Less
Periphery
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15
Q

Ectoderm

A

Epidermis and related structures

Skin 
Hair
Nails
Brain
NS
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16
Q

Mesoderm

A

Notochord
Mesenchyme
Somites

17
Q

Endoderm

A

Embryonic gut

18
Q

Gastrulation starts with

A

Involution of the smooth surface opposite the sperm entry site

Involuting marginal zone (IMZ)
Dorsal lip of the blastopore (DLB)

Developmental Biology (9 decks)

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