Gastrulation

Question 1

organizer in frogs

Answer 1

spemann’s organizer/blastopore lip

Question 2

organizer in fish

Answer 2

the shield

Question 3

organizer in birds

Answer 3

hensen’s node

Question 4

organizer in mice

Answer 4

the node

Question 5

involution

Answer 5

cells move as a sheet

Question 6

which animals use involution?

Answer 6

frogs and fish

Question 7

ingression

Answer 7

cells move individually

Question 8

which animals use ingression?

Answer 8

birds and mammals

Question 9

bottle cells

Answer 9

first cells to enter the embryos are pharyngeal and endodermal cells

Question 10

GFP structure

Answer 10

11 beta sheets and 6 alpha helices; chromophore

Question 11

specification

Answer 11

a group of cells is called specified if when isolated in culture they develop according to their normal fate

Question 12

determination

Answer 12

implies a stable change in the state of a cell such that the fate is now fixed and will not change even if the cell is placed in a different environment

Question 13

epiblast

Answer 13

area pellucida when cleavage is completed

Question 14

posterior marginal zone

Answer 14

forms at the junction of area pellucida and area opaca and defines where Koller’s sickle will form

Question 15

hensen’s node gives rise to _________

Answer 15

precordal mesoderm, notocord, medial part of somite

Question 16

cell that ingress through middle of primitive streak give rise to _________

Answer 16

later place of somites, heart, kidney

Question 17

epiblast cells that remain on the outside give rise to ________

Answer 17

neural plate (medial cells), epidermis (lateral cells)