Gastrointestinal System Flashcards
How many incisors does a horse have in total?
12 incisors
One entrinsic organ of gi system
Liver / pancreas
5 stages of digestion
- Ingestion
- Digestion
- Absorption
- Metabolism
- Excretion
What’s ingestion
Food passing into body via mouth
What’s digestion
breaking food/ nutrients down (carbs, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals)
What’s absorption?
Water and nutrients being passing to blood
Metabolism
Nutrients converted into energy
Excretion
Getting rid of waste via faeces and urine
What are salivary glands
Paired glands, produce Sylvia
What are ducts
Connect glands to oral cavity
What is amylases
Chemical digestion of carbohydrates
Except for in carnivores
Anatomy of stomach
Mucous membrane of stomach is folded into rugae and contains gastric pits
What cell types do gastric pits contain
Goblet cells
Pairental cells
Chief cells
Goblet cells
Secret mucus to lube food and protect stomach wall from acid
Parietal cells
Secret hudrochrolic acid
Cheif cells
Secrets pepsinogen
What does the liver produce
Bile that emulsifies fats
What does the pancreas produce
Bicarbonate a chemical that neutralises. Acidity
And produces protease, amylases and lipase
Endocrine
Internal secretion- relating to a hormone being transported in blood stream to target organ
Exocrine
Hormone realsed through a duct or ducts
What does Small intestine do
Absorbes nutrients and water by diffusion and active transport
Breaks down products of digestion absorbed by villus
What does the large intestine absorb
Water, vitamins and electrolytes
What’s the large intestine split into
Caecum, colon and rectum
What do birds have in the gi that’s unusual
A crop ( acts as a food storage chamber) some birds can produce crop milk
Proventriculus (acid secreting stomach)
Ventriculus (gizzard) grinds food
Cloaca
Function on pancreas
Works in response to blood glucose levels
3 hormones secreted from pancreas
Insulin
Glucagon
Somatostatin
