gastrointestinal system Flashcards
what does the gastrointestinal tract include?
head, neck, thorax, abdomen, and pelvis
accessory digestive organs
teeth
tongue
salivary glands
liver
gall bladder
biliary tree
pancreas
components of the small intestine
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
components of the large intestine
caecum
ascending colon
hepatic flexure
transverse colun
splenic flexure
descending colon
sigmoid colon
order of digestive organs food goes through from mouth to anus
mouth
pharynx
oesophagus
stomach
small intesting
large intestine / colon
appendix
rectum
anus
the primitive gut tube is divided into what three regions
foregut
midgut
hindgut
where does the foregut span?
extends from lower part of osesophagus to 2nd part of the duodenum
where does the midgut span?
extends from the 2nd part of the duodenum to the distal third of the transverse colon
where does the hindgut span?
extends from distal third of the transverse colon to the upper third of the anal canal
what is the artery that the foregut receives?
coeliac trunk
what is the artery that the midgut receives?
superior mesenteric artery
what is the artery that the hindgut receives?
inferior mesenteric artery
the splenic and superior mesenteric veins join to form the ______
portal vein
the portal vein drains into the _____ taking the nutrients absorbed from the ______
liver
GIT
venous blood from the _____ drains into the ________
liver
inferior vena cava
lymphatic drainage of the digestive system from digestive organs to left subclavian / brachiocephalic vein
digestive organs
local lymph nodes
regional lymph nodes
intestinal trunk
cysterna chyli
thoracic duct
left subclavian / brachiocephalic vein
lymph from foregut organs goes to the
coeliac nodes
lymph from midgut organs go to
superior mesenteric nodes
lymph from hindgut organs go to
inferior mesenteric nodes
what NS is the digestive system innervated by?
ANS
the PNS _____ digestive function
increases
the SNS ____ digestive function
slows down
(in PNS innervation) the foregut and midgut organs are supplied by _____ nerve
vagus
(in PNS innervation) hindgut organs are supplied by the _____
pelvic splanchnic nerves
(in PNS innervation) nerve cell bodies of ______ganglionic neurones located in the walls of the GIT in the ______ plexus
post
myenteric
(in SNS innervation) ____ganglionic fibres from _____ nerves
pre
splanchic
(in SNS innervation) synpases are in ______ ganglion
prevertebral
(in SNS innervation) ____ganglionic neurone goes to _____ organ
post
effector
what splanchnic nerve synapses the foregut and in what ganglion?
greater splanchnic nerve to the coeliac ganglion
what splanchnic nerve synapses the midgut and in what ganglion?
lesser splanchnic nerve in the superior mesenteric ganglion
what splanchnic nerve synapses the hindgut and in what ganglion?
lumbar splanchnic nerve in the inferior mesenteric ganglion
from what levels does the foregut arise?
T5-T9
from what levels does the midgut arise?
T10-T11
from what levels does the hindgut arise?
L1-L2
what are the two types of sensory information transmitted from the digestive system?
reflex afferents (e.g. stretch)
pain afferents
reflex afferents are transmitted to ____ in ______ pathways - via the ____ nerve
CNS
parasympathetic
vagus
pain afferents are transmitted to the ____ in ________ pathways in ____, _____, and _____ splanchnic nerves
CNS
sympathetic
greater, lesser, and lumbar
pain from the foregut is carried by the ______ splanchnic nerve to spinal cord segments _______ - ______
greater
T5-T9
pain from the foregut is therefore perceived in the ______ region
epigastric
pain from the midgut is carried by the ______ splanchnic nerve to the spinal cord segments __ - ____
lesser
T10 T11
pain from the midgut is perceived in the _____ region
umbilical
pain from the hindgut is carried by the ______ splanchnic nerve to spinal cord segments __ - ___
L1 and L2
pain from the hindgut is perceived in the ______ region
hypogastric
