gastrointestinal Flashcards
This is the most common allergy to food in adults and children
peanut allergy
skin prick testing uses what immunoglobulin to test for an allergy to specific substance?
IgE mediated reaction
What is the most important thing to access for in a patient with a peanut allergy?
access to injectable epinephrine
Normal mineralization of growth plates requires adequate amounts of what two minerals
calcium and phosphate
Deficient mineralization of growth plates results in
rickets
calcipenic rickets or phosphopenic rickets
laboratory findings in rickets
Laboratory findings include significantly el0evated serum parathyroid hormone level, normal to low calcium and phosphate, and low vitamin D levels.
What lab test is the most sensitive for acute pancreatitis
serum lipase. elevations occur earlier and last longer as compared w/elevations of amylase
most common causes of acute pancreatitis
gallstones and alcohol abuse
Cullens sign
ecchymotic discoloration (bruise-like) near periumbilical region
Grey Turner Sign
ecchymotic (bruise-like) discoloration in the flank area
Acute cholecystitis
presents with right upper quadrant pain, fever, and leukocytosis
peptic ulcer disease
may present with epigastric pain
lower lobe pneumonia
can present with right or left upper quadrant abdominal pain due to irritation of the diaphragm
T/F: antibiotics are used routinely in the treatment of acute pancreatitis
False
Blount disease
would cause a varus deformity at the knee due to disruption in cartilage formation
Achalasia
typically presents with dysphagia to both solids and liquids. symptoms are usually persistent
esophageal web
a thin concentric membrane composed of squamous epithelium and is usually located in the cervical region of the esophagus
Schatzki ring
most commonly found esophageal ring. Fibrous esophageal ring leads to esophageal stenosis, h0allmark symptom is dysphagia to solids which is often intermittent.
Barrett esophagus
at increased risk for adenocarcinoma particularly when squamous epithelium (normal) is being replaced with columnar epithelium (abnormal)
what is the role of helicobactor pylori in Barrett’s esophagus?
it is protective against Barrett’s esophagus due to the changes in gastric acidity in the stomach
Test for intolerance to dairy products
lactose hydrogen breath test
Symptoms of lactose intolerance
abdominal pain in periumbilical area or lower quadrants, bloating, flatulence and bulky, frothy, or watery non bloody diarrhea.
Populations lactose intolerance is most frequently seen?
African and Asian populations
Best treatment for suspected anorexia nervosa patient
interdisciplinary approach
What is refeeding syndrome
an electrolyte and fluid shift, especially hypophosphatemia, that can result in fatal complication when a malnourished patient begins nutritional rehabilitation
