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First Year Anatomy (non-diagram) > Gastrointestinal > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Flashcards

1
Q

4 muscles of mastication

A

Temporalis (close)
Masseter (close)
Lateral pterygoid (open)
Medial pterygoid (close)

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2
Q

Nerve supply of the muscles of mastication

A

CNV3

Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

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3
Q

Function of superior cavity of TMJ

A

Tanslation

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4
Q

Function of inferior cavity of TMJ

A

Rotation

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5
Q

Course of CNV3

A

From Pons
Through foramen ovale
To muscle of mastication and sensory area

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6
Q

Types of fibres in CNV3

A

Sensory and motor fibres

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7
Q

Innervation of posterior 1/3rd of the tongue

A

Taste and general sensation

CNIX

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8
Q

Innervation of anterior 2/3rds of the tongue

A

Taste CNVII

General sensory CNV3

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9
Q

Types of fibre in CN7

A

Special sensory
Sensory
Motor
Parasympathetic

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10
Q

Course of CN7

A

From pontomedullary junction
Through temporal bone vie internal acoustic meatus then stylomastoid foramen
To anterior tongue, muscles of facial expression and glands in the floor of the mouth

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11
Q

Connects CNVII to the lingual nerve (CNV3)

A

Chorda tympani

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12
Q

Innervation of sublingual and submandibular salivary gland

A

CNVII

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13
Q

Innervation of superior half of oral cavity

A

CNV2

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14
Q

Innervation of inferior half of oral cavity

A

CNV3

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15
Q

Innervation of sensory part of gag reflex

A

CNIX

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16
Q

Innervation of motor part of gag reflex

A

CNIX and CNX

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17
Q

Local anaesthetic for endoscope blocks action potential in which nerves?

A

CNV2, CNV3, CNVII, CNIX

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18
Q

Course of CNV2

A

From pons
Through foramen rotundum
To sensory area (mid-face)

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19
Q

Types of fibres in CNV2

A

Sensory fibres

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20
Q

Types of fibres in CNIX

A

Special sensory, sensory, motor, visceral afferent, parasympathetic

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21
Q

Course of CNIX

A

From medulla
Through jugular foramen
To posterior wall of oropharynx, parotid gland, post. 1/3rd of the tongue

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22
Q

Parotid gland

A

Crosses the face and secretes into mouth opposite upper 2nd molar

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23
Q

Submandibular gland

A

Enters floor of mouth and secretes via lingual caruncle

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24
Q

Sublingual gland

A

Lays in floor of mouth and secretes via several ducts superiorly

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25
Q

Innervation of parotid gland

A

CNIX

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26
Q

Innervation of submandibular gland

A

CNVII

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27
Q

Innervation of sublingual gland

A

CNVII

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28
Q

Innervation of the tongue muscles (except palatoglossus)

A

CNXII

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29
Q

Type of fibres in CNXII

A

Motor

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30
Q

Course of CNXII

A

From medulla
Through hypoglossal canal
To extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue

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31
Q

Innervation of the circular constrictor muscles of the pharynx

A

CNX

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32
Q

Innervation of the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx

A

CNIX and CNX` (mainly)

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33
Q

Innervation of orbicularis oris

A

CNVII

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34
Q

Nerve supply to oesophagus

A

Oesophageal plexus

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35
Q

Constrictions of the oesophagus

A

Cervical constriction by criciopharyngeus muscle
Thoracic constrictions by arch of aorta and left main bronchus
Diaphragmatic constriction from passing through diaphragm

36
Q

Foregut

A

Oesophagus to mid-duodenum
Liver + gall bladder
Spleen
1/2 of pancreas

37
Q

Midgut

A

Mid-duodenum to proximal 2/3rds of transverse colon

1/2 of pancreas

38
Q

Hindgut

A

Distal 1/3rd of transverse colon to proximal 1/2 of anal canal

39
Q

Intraperitoneal organs

A 
Liver + gall bladder
Stomach
Spleen
1st part of the duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Caecum
Transverse colon
Sigmoid colon
40
Q

Retroperitoneal organs

A 
Kidneys
Adrenal gland
Pancreas
Ascending colon
Descending colon 
2nd-4th part of duodenum
41
Q

Area of communication between greater and lesser sac

A

Omental foramen (of winslow)

42
Q

Peritoneal ligaments

A

Hepatogastric ligament
Hepatoduodenal ligament
Gastrosplenic ligament
Splenorenal ligament

43
Q

Placement of needle in paracentesis and the vessel that it avoids

A

Placed lateral to the rectus sheath

Avoids inferior epigastric artery

44
Q

Origin of inferior epigastric artery

A

Arises from external iliac artery medial to the deep inguinal ring

45
Q

Route of sympathetic nerves from CNS to abdominal organs (5)

A

1) Leave spinal cord between T5 and L2
2) Enter sympathetic chains
3) Leave sympathetic chains within abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves
4) Synapse at prevertebral ganglia anterior to the aorta
5) Take part in periarterial plexuses towards organs

46
Q

Route of sympathetic nerve fibres for adrenal gland from CNS to abdominal organs

A

1) Leave spinal cord at T10-L1
2) Enter abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves
3) Carried with periarterial plexuses to adrenal gland
4) Synapse directly onto cells

47
Q

Route of parasympathetic nerves from CNS to abdominal organs (vagus) (3)

A

1) Presynaptic fibres enter abdominal cavity on surface of oesophagus
2) Travel into periarterial plexuses
3) Synapse on ganglia on walls of organs

48
Q

Route of parasympathetic nerves from CNS to abdominal organs (pelvic splanchnic nerves)

A

1) S2, 3 and 4 exit spinal cord to innervate smooth muscle/ glands of descending colon to anal canal

49
Q

Entry level of foregut structure to spinal cord

A

T6-T9

50
Q

Entry level of midgut structures to spinal cord

A

T8-T12

51
Q

Entry level of hindgut structure to spinal cord

A

T10-L2

52
Q

Thoracoabdominal nerves

A

7th-11th intercostal nerves

53
Q

Abdominal body wall nerves

A 
Thoracoabdominal nerves 
Subcostal nerve (T12 anterior ramus)
Iliohypogastric nerve (Half of L1 anterior ramus)
Ilioinguinal nerve (half of L1 anterior ramus)
54
Q

Entry level of visceral afferents from appendix)

A

T8-T10

55
Q

Liver is protected by which ribs

A

7-11

56
Q

How many veins do the hepatic veins from the liver come together as before entering the IVC

A

3

57
Q

Level of exit of coeliac trunk from abdominal aorta

A

T12

58
Q

Spleen is protected by which ribs

A

9-11

59
Q

Which sac are the hepatorenal and sub-phrenic recesses located within

A

Greater sac

60
Q

Lowest part of the peritoneal cavity when the patient is supine

A

Hepatorenal recess

61
Q

Entry point to spinal cord of visceral afferents from gallbladder

A

T6-T9

62
Q

4 parts of the duodenum

A

Superior part
Descending
Horizontal
Ascending

63
Q

Exocrine cells of the pancreas

A

Acinar cells

64
Q

Endocrine cells of the pancreas

A

Islets of langerhans

65
Q

Level of exit point of SMA from aorta

A

L1 vertebral level

66
Q

Which sac are the paracolic gutters part of?

A

Greater sac

67
Q

Skin around umbilicus anastomoses

A

Para-umbilical veins drain to hepatic portal vein

Small epigastric veins drain to caval system

68
Q

Distal end of oesophagus anastomoses

A

Inferior part drains to hepatic portal vein

Superior part drains to azygous vein

69
Q

Rectum/anal canal anastomoses

A

Rectum and superior anal canal drain to IMV

Inferior part of GI tract drains to internal iliac veins

70
Q

Level at which sigmoid colon becomes rectum

A

Anterior to S3

71
Q

Point at which rectum becomes anal canal

A

Anterior to tip of the coccyx

72
Q

Nerve supply of levator Ani

A

Nerve to levator ani and pudendal nerve

73
Q

Location of internal anal sphincter

A

Superior two thirds of anal canal

74
Q

Location of external anal sphincter

A

Inferior two thirs od anal canal

75
Q

What muscle is the external anal canal continuous with

A

Puborectalis

76
Q

What nerve stimulates contraction of the external anal sphincter?

A

Pudendal nerve

77
Q

What nerve stimulates contraction of the internal anal sphincter?

A

Sympathetic nerves

78
Q

Which type of nerve fibres stimulate structures in the pelvis?

A

Sympathetic, parasympathetic and visceral afferent

79
Q

Which type of nerve fibres stimulate structures in the perineum?

A

Somatic motor and somatic sensory

80
Q

Vertebral level of sympathetic fibres travelling to IMA

A

T12-L2

81
Q

Vertebral level of somatic motor pudendal nerve fibres

A

S2, S3, S4

82
Q

Vertebral level of somatic motor fibres in nerve to levator ani

A

S3, S4

83
Q

Vertebral level of visceral afferents and parasympathetic fibres from and to the rectum/ anal canal

A

S2-S4

84
Q

Point of exit from pelvis of pudendal nerve

A

Greater sciatic foramen

85
Q

Point of entry into perineum of pudendal nerve

A

Lesser sciatic foramen

First Year Anatomy (non-diagram) (3 decks)

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