Cardiovascular Flashcards
Layers of the heart
Fibrous pericardium
Parieral serous pericardium
Visceral serous pericardium (epicardium)
Pericardiocentesis
Needle inserted via infrasternal angle and directed superoposteriorly, aspirating continuously
Space within the pericardial cavity used by cardiac surgeons to isolate the great vessels
Transverse pericardial sinus
Surfaces of the heart
Anterior (sternocostal)
Base (posterior)
Inferior (diaphragmatic)
Borders of the heart
Right border
Left border
Inferior border
Left anterior descending artery travels in
Anterior interventricular groove
Right coronary artery travels in
Coronary groove
Coronary sinus travels in
Atrioventricular groove
Posterior interventricular artery travels in
Posterior interventricular groove
Cusps of the tricuspid valve
Anterior, posterior and septal cusps
Pulmonary valve
Anterior, right and left cusps
Aortic valve
Right, left and posterior cusps
Also has sinuses
Mitral valve
Anterior and posterior cusps
Carries fibre of right bundle branch to papillary muscle of anterior cusp
Moderator band
Auscultation area of aortic valve
2nd right intercostal space sternal edge
Auscultation of pulmonary valve
2nd left intercostal space sternal edge
Auscultation area of tricuspid valve
4th left intercostal space sternal edge
Auscultation of mitral valve
5th left intercostal space midclavicular line
Vertebral level exit of sympathetic nerves
T1-L2/L3
Cardiac plexus
Sympathetic fibres
Parasympathetic fibres
Visceral afferent fibres
Somatomotor APs originate from
Precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe
Somatosensory APs originate from
postcentral gyrus od parietal lobe
Common sites of atherosclerosis
LAD
Right coronary artery
Circumflex branch
Left coronary artery
Vessels used in CABG
Radial artery
Great saphenous vein
Internal thoracic artery
Transverse thoracic plane
Between sternal angle and T4/T5 intervertebral disc
Branches from the thoracic aorta’s anterior surface (5)
Bronchial arteries Oesophageal arteries Mediastinal arteries Pericardial arteries Phrenic arteries
Position of bifurcation of the common carotid artery
Anterior to sternocleidomastoid muscle at level of superior border of thyroid cartilage
Position of brachial artery
Medial to biceps brachii tendon in the cubital fossa
Position of radial artery
Lateral to tendon of flexor carpi radialis
Position of femoral artery
Inferior to midpoint of inguinal ligament
Position of Popliteal artery
In popliteal fossa
Position of posterior tibial artery
Between posterior border of the medial mallelous and the achilles tendon
Position of dorsalis pedis artery
Medial to tendon of extensor hallicus longus on the dorsum of the foot
