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Buzzwords and Pneumonics > Gastrointestinal > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Flashcards

1
Q

what 2 drugs cause gingival hypertrophy?

A

Calcium channel blockers

Phenytoin

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2
Q

“Bird beak appearance” (and distended oesophagus) - upper GI imagine?
Lower GI imaging?

A 
Upper = achalasia
Lower = bowel obstruction
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3
Q

What are grey turner’s and culler’s sign a sign of?

A

Acute pancreatitis

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4
Q

What is grey turner’s?

A

Lumbar redness = acute pancretitis

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5
Q

What is Cullen’s sign?

A

Umbilical redness

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6
Q

What is murphy’s sign?

What causes this?

A

It is elicited by firmly placing a hand at the costal margin in the right upper abdominal quadrant and asking the patient to breathe deeply. If the gallbladder is inflamed, the patient will experience pain and catch their breath as the gallbladder descends and contacts the palpating hand
Cholecystitis/ cholangitis

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7
Q

What causes pale stools, jaundice and abdo pain?

A

Biliary obstruction

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8
Q

What causes abdominal distension, caput medusae and shifting dullness? (2)

A

Portal hypertension

Ascites

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9
Q

What causes pyoderma gangrenosum and erythema nodosum?

A

Crohns and UC

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10
Q

“Tinkling bowel sounds”?

A

Bowel osbtruciton

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11
Q

Vesicular rash (small fluid filled sacs) and weight loss?

A

Coeliac disease

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12
Q

Where is Virchow’s node located?

What is it a sign of?

A

Left supra-clavicular region

Gastric cancer

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13
Q

what is the urea breath test for

A

H pylori

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14
Q

what is 14C breath test for?

A

Bacterial overgrowth

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15
Q

“rice-water” like stools?

A

Vibrio cholera

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16
Q

Presence of AMA?

A

Primary biliary cirrhosis

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17
Q

Presence of ASMA?

A

Autoimmune hepatitis

18
Q

What is alpha feet protein assay used to test for? (2)

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Teratoma

19
Q

Cobblestone mucosa?

What does this indicate?

A

Crohns disease

Indicating deep fissuring ulceration of the mucoa

20
Q

What diuretics are used to treat ascites (due to cirrhosis)?

A

Spirolactone

21
Q

Corkscrew oesophagus on barium swallow?

A

Diffuse oesophageal spasm

22
Q

Severe abdominal pain and diarrhoea and vomiting after raw milk?

A

campylobacter

23
Q

Russell’s sign?

A

self induced vomiting

24
Q

Mallory’s hyaline bodies? (3)

A

Alcohol liver disease
Acute hepatitis
Chronic active hepatitis

25
Q

Crypt abscess/ cryptitis?

A

UC

26
Q

Onion skinning fibrosis, beading of bile ducts?

A

Primary sclerosing cholangitis

27
Q

Linitis plastica?

A

Morphological variant of diffuse gastric cancer

28
Q

Thumb printing on x-ray commonly at the splenic flexure?

A

Ischaemic colitis

29
Q

Charcot’s triad?

Cause?

A

Fever
Jaundice
Abdominal pain
Acute cholangitis secondary to cholelithiasis

30
Q

Causes of abdominal masses?

A 
(A CHEMICAL)
AAA
Crohns
Hernia
Enlarged organ
Malignancy
Intersusception
Cyst or abscess
Appendicitis
Lymphadenopathy
31
Q

Causes for bowel obstruction?

A 
BATH VIPS
Bolus
Adhesion (normally post-op and in small bowel)
Tumour
Hernia
Volvulus
Intersussception
Pseudo-obstruction
Stricture
32
Q

Absence of liver dullness?

A

Sign of perforation - alone with lying very still, rigid abdomen and tachycardia/ sweating/ distress

33
Q

What will a patient look like who has an obstruction?

A

Can’t sit still and have a colicky pain

34
Q

AMA?

A

Primary biliary cirrhosis

35
Q

Gatric parietal cell antibody?

A

Pernicious anaemia

36
Q

Pernicious anaemia?

A

a deficiency in the production of red blood cells through a lack of vitamin B12.

37
Q

Anti transflutaminase antibody, anti endomysial antibody?

A

Coeliac disease

38
Q

Thyroid receptor antibodies (TRAb)?

A

Graves

39
Q

Perinuclear-ANCA? (2)

A

UC, PSC

40
Q

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies? (ANCA)

A

Primary sclerosing cholangitis

Buzzwords and Pneumonics (16 decks)

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