Gastrointestinal Flashcards
What are some signs of decompensated CLD?
- Bruising
- Abdominal distension/ascites
- Jaundice
- Caput medusa
- Peripheral oedema
- Foetor hepaticus
- Small hepatic width
How do you treat alcoholic cirrhosis?
Abstinence
How do you treat HBV?
- Oral nucleos(t)ide analogues
- peg-IFN
How do you treat HCV?
Peg-IFN + ribavirin (if not decompensated)
How do you treat haemachromatosis?
Venesection
How do you treat autoimmune hepatitis?
Prednisolone ± azathioprine/mercaptopurine
How do you treat primary biliary cirrhosis?
Urso-deoxycholic acid
How do you treat primary sclerosing cholangitis?
ERCP ± stent or balloon dilation
How do you treat fluid retention in CLD?
- Salt and fluid restriction
- Large volume paracentesis
- Diuretics (eg/ spironolactone)
What is primary biliary cirrhosis? What is the treatment?
- Autoimmune disorder characterised by chronic cholestasis; more common in women
- Mx = ursodeoxycholic acid
What are the 4 main types of diarrhoea, and one cause of each?
- Osmotic: FODMAP malabsorption
- Secretory: bacterial toxins
- Inflammatory: IBD, invasive bacteria
- Deranged intestinal motility: IBS, thyrotoxicosis
Faecal elastase is a marker of what disease?
Pancreatic insufficiency
When is bleeding from haematemesis haemodynamically significant?
- External evidence of blood loss >500ml
- HR >100
- SBP
What is the initial management of UBIG?
- ABC
- Two large bore IV cannula
- Supply of blood: group and hold or cross match
- Rapid infusion of crystalloids -> colloid transfusion with monitoring of UO and CVP
- Urgent need to common to diagnosis
What is the clinical triad for cholangitis?
Upper abdominal pain + fever + obstructive jaundice
