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anatomy 1 > gastrointestinal > Flashcards

gastrointestinal Flashcards

1
Q

Where dies the GI tract extend to?

A

Extends from mouth to anus

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2
Q

Where is the oral cavity?

A

Inferior to the nasal cavities

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3
Q

Describe the Oral cavity.

A

Roof- hard and soft palettes
Floor- tongue
Lateral walls- cheeks
Posterior- aperture ‘osopharyngeal isthmus’ opens into oropharynx

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4
Q

What is the border between the mouth and pharynx marked by?

A

Border marked by palatoglossal arch

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5
Q

What are the four papillae ?

A
  • fungiform
  • filliform
  • vallate
  • foliate
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6
Q

What are the characteristics of the fungiform papillae?

A

Round and relatively large
Along the margins of the tongue

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of the filliform papillae?

A

-small cone shaped
- mucosal projections

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of vallate papillae ?

A
  • blunt ended, cylandrical
  • largest type of papillae
  • 8-12 in a V shape along the tongue
  • anterior to terminal sulcus
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9
Q

Describe the characteristics of the foliate papillae?

A
  • liner folds of mucosa
  • sides of tongue
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10
Q

Which papillae don’t have tastebuds ?

A

Filliform

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11
Q

What are the three parts of the oesophagus ?

A
  • cervical, continuous with the oropharynx
  • thoracic (T1-T10)
  • abdominal (oesophageal hiatus to cardia of the stomach)
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12
Q

What are the three restrictions of the oesophagus ?

A
  • cervical (C5/C6) due to cricoid cartilage
  • thoracic due to aortic arch
  • abdominal due to oesophageal hiatus
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13
Q

What is the peritoneum ?

A

A thin serous membrane lining of the abdominal and pelvic cavities

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14
Q

What are the two types of peritoneum ?

A

Parietal- lines walls of abdominal and pelvic cavities

Visceral- lines organs/vicera

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15
Q

What is the peritoneal cavity ?

A
  • between the two layers of peritoneum
  • potential space
  • filled with serous fluid
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16
Q

What is intraperitoneal?

A
  • when a organ is completely covered with visceral peritoneum
  • e.g stomach, Jejunum, ileum
  • organs are attached to each other or to the abdominal wall by peritoneal folds known as a mesentery
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17
Q

What is retroperitoneal ?

A
  • when an organ lies behind the peritoneum only partially covered
  • e.g pancreas, ascending and descending colon
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18
Q

What is extraperitoneal ?

A
  • lying outside the peritoneum
  • may be fat, tissue etc
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19
Q

What is mesentery ?

A
  • a double layer of peritoneum that encloses an organ
  • usually connects it to the abdominal wall, transmitting blood vessels
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20
Q

Give examples of how the tern mesentery is used.

A
  • mesentery of the small intestine
  • mesentery of the transverse colon
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21
Q

What is the omentum?

A
  • double layered sheet or fold of peritoneum connecting two abdominal organs
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22
Q

Give two examples omentum.

A

Greater omentum- hangs down like and apron, connects the stomach to the transverse colon

Lesser omentum- connects the stomach to the liver- epiploic foramen/ lesser sac

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23
Q

Give features of the greater omentum.

A
  • contains variable amounts of fat
  • mobile
  • forms adhesions to areas of inflammation and limits the spread of infection
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24
Q

What is the peritoneal ligament ?

A
  • a thickened double layer of peritoneum that connects an organ with another organ or with the abdominal wall
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25
Q

Give two examples of peritoneal ligaments and where they are found ?

A
  • falciform ligament - connects the liver to the anterior abdominal wall
  • coronary ligament- connects the liver to the underside of the diaphragm
26
Q

What is the top area of the stomach called ?

A

Fundus

27
Q

What are the entrance and exit of the stomach called ?

A

Oesophagus is the entrance and duodenum is the exit

28
Q

What are the folds in the stomach called and what are their purpose?

A

Rugae, there to increase SA to aid absorption and digestion

29
Q

Below the body of the stomac there are two segments, what are they called?

A
  • pyloric canal
  • pyloric antrum
30
Q

Draw and label a diagram of the stomach

A
31
Q

What does the liver produce and secrete ?

A

Bile

32
Q

What does the liver metabolise ?

A

Carbohydrates fat and protein

33
Q

What does the liver filter ?

A
  • filters blood
  • removes bacteria and foreign particles that have gained entrance to the blood from the lumpen of the small intestine
34
Q

Name one other subastance the liver synthesises

A
  • heparin
  • anticoagulant substance with an important detoxification function
35
Q

Describe the position of the liver

A
  • occupies the upper part of the abdominal cavity, just beneath the diaphragm
  • soft, pliable organ that SHOULD NOT been palpable as it lies under cover of the right costal margin
  • convex upper surface is moulded to the under surface of the diaphragm
36
Q

Describe the visceral surface of the liver.

A
  • left and right lobes
  • quadrate lobe
  • caudate lobe - IVC
  • falciform ligament
  • Porta hepatis
  • gall bladder
    • body, fundus, neck, cystic duct
37
Q

What is liver cirrhosis ?

A

Permanent scarring of the liver that interferes with its function

38
Q

Describe the duodenum and its key feature.

A
  • pilcae circulares
  • major duodenal papilla
  • duodenojejunal junction
  • pancreas
39
Q

Draw and label the anatomy of the duodenum and pancreas

A
40
Q

Where is the Jejunum ?

A

Proxima 2/5 of small intestine

41
Q

Where is the ileum?

A

Distal 3/5 small intestine

42
Q

Where do the ileum and Jejunum terminate ?

A

Ileocaecal junction

43
Q

Describe the differences between the Jejunum and ileum

A
44
Q

Draw and label the large intestine, including the: caecum, appendix, ascending colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum

A
45
Q

What is the difference between the taeniae and taenia ?

A

Taeniae- flat ribbon like structure in body

Taenia - tapeworm

46
Q

What are the gross anatomical features of the large intestine?

A
  • taeniae coli
  • haustra
  • appendices apiploicae
47
Q

What is the main blood supply to the gut?

A

Abdominal aorta

48
Q

What is the blood supply to the foregut ?

A

Coeliac axis/ trunk

49
Q

What is the blood supply to the midgut ?

A

Superior mesenteric

50
Q

What is the blood supply to the hindgut ?

A

Inferior mesenteric

51
Q

What are the three branches of the coeliac trunk and where do they supply ?

A
  • hepatic, splenic and left gastric
  • liver, spleen, stomach, proximal duodenum
52
Q

What is in the midgut ?

A

Distal duodenum, small intestine, caecum, proximal colon

53
Q

What is in the hindgut?

A
  • distal colon, rectum
54
Q

What is the venous drainage system of the GI tract called?

A

Portal venous system

55
Q

What is the venous drainage system of the GI tract formed by?

A

The portal vein is formed by the union of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins behind the neck of the pancreas

56
Q

Describe the venous pathway in the liver ?

A

Portal vein enters the liver and breaks up into sinusoids from chick blood passes into the hepatic veins that join the inferior vena cava

57
Q

What forms the hepatic portal vein?

A
  • superior mesenteric vein
  • splenic vein
  • inferior mesenteric vein
58
Q

What are the communication systems between the portal and systemic systems called ?

A
  • oesophageal
  • rectal
  • paraumbilical
  • colic
59
Q

What is anastomoses ?

A

An anastomosis is a connection or opening between two things that are normally diverging or branching, such as between blood vessels, leaf veins, or streams.

60
Q

FINAL SLIDE?

A

anatomy 1 (5 decks)

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