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anatomy 1 > cardiovascular system > Flashcards

cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

Label 1 through to 12

A
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2
Q

What is the chest cavity divided into (layers)

A

Median partition - mediastinum
Lateral pleura and lungs

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3
Q

Where does the mediastinum extend to?

A

From the root of the neck and the diaphragm
Anterior to the sternum
posterior to vertebral column

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4
Q

What separates the superior and inferior mediastinum?

A

Sternal angle between IV and V vertebrae

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5
Q

What is a part of the superior mediastinum?

A

Great vessels
Trachea
Oesophagus

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6
Q

What’s a part of the inferior mediastinum?

A

Heart

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7
Q

What is the pericardium ?

A

Fibro-serous sac that encloses the heart and roots of the great vessels

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8
Q

Function of the pericardium

A

Heart lies within the pericardium
Function: restrict excessive movements of the heart as a whole
Serve as a lubricated container in which the different parts of the heart can contract

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9
Q

Atria VS Ventricules

A

Thin walled atria V thick walled ventricles
Left ventricle is thicker than the right
Inter-atrial, interventricular and atrioventricular septa separate the four chambers of the heart
Internal anatomy of a chamber is critical to its function

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10
Q

Anatomy of the right atrium

A

Forms the right border of the heart
Receives blood through the SVC, IVC and coronary sinus
Coronary sinus returns blood from the walls of the heart itself

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11
Q

Crista Terminalis

A

RA
Ridge on inside between atrium and right auricle
from SVC to IVC
Posterior to the wall is smooth

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12
Q

Musculi Pectinati

A

Anterior to crista terminalis the walls are roughened by bundles of muscle fibres

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13
Q

Fossa ovale

A

Marks location of embryonic foremen ovale, which allowed blood to bypass the lungs in fetal circulation

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14
Q

Atrioventricular Orifice

A

Communication with ventricle
Closed by tricuspid valve

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15
Q

Right auricle

A

Ear like, conical muscular pouch overlapping the aorta

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16
Q

Anatomy of right ventricle

A

Blood enters from right atrium, moves in a horizontal and anterior direction
Outflow- pulmonary trunk
Pulmonary trunk closed by pulmonary valve (3 semilunar cusps)

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17
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

Guard’s atrioventricular orifice

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18
Q

Papillary muscles

A

When the ventricle contracts, papillary muscles contract, preventing the cusps from turning inside out into the atrium as intra-ventricular pressure rises

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19
Q

Trabeculae carnae

A

Muscular, irregular structures
A few trabeculae carnae are known as papillary muscles

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20
Q

Anatomy of the left atrium

A

Forms most of the base of heart
Blood enters 4x pulmonary veins
Anterior half is continuous with left auricle
No crista terminalis
Depression on interatrial septum is the valves of the foramen ovale
Blood moves into left ventricles via atrioventricular orifice (guarded by mitral valve)

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21
Q

The fossa ovalis of the interatrial septum of the heart is a remnant of which embryonic structure?

A

Foramen ovale

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22
Q

Where is the left ventricle (LV) ? What makes it distinctive ? How does blood get there ? What valve guards it ?

A

-Anterior to left atrium
-Wall 3x thicker than right ventricle
-Blood passes through the AV orifice towards apex
-Guarded by the mitral valve

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23
Q

Name the features of the left ventricle.

A

-chordae tendinae
-anterior / posterior papillary muscles
-posterior / anterior cusp of the mitral valve (BICUSPID)

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24
Q

Describe blood flow in the left ventricle ?

A
  • flows into aortic vestibule
  • guarded by the aortic valve (similar in structure to the pulmonary valve) (3 semi lunar valves)
  • blood recoils after contraction and fills the aortic sinus formed by the cusps of the valve, it is forced into coronary arteries
25
Q

Describe the cusps of the semi lunar valve of the left ventricle.

A

RIGHT - opening for right coronary artery

POSTERIOR- opening for the aortic sinus

LEFT - opening for left coronary artery

26
Q

What supplies the heart with oxygen and nutrients?

A

Supplied by right and left coronary arteries, which arise from the ascending aorta. The arteries are branched and distributed over the surface of the heart.

27
Q

Describe the right artery.

A
  • arises from the aorta and runs forward between pulmonary trunk and right auricle
  • descends almost vertically in the right atrioventricular groove
  • at inferior border it continues posteriorly to anastamose with the left coronary artery
  • offers a marginal branch and a posterior interventricular branch
28
Q

Describe the left coronary artery.

A
  • usually larger than the right
  • arises from aorta and and passes forward between the pulmonary trunk and left auricle
  • then enters atrioventricular branch and a circumflex branch
29
Q

What are the cardiac veins (4) and the sinus?

A
  • great cardiac vein
  • middle cardiac vein
  • small cardiac vein
  • posterior cardiac vein
  • coronary sinus
30
Q

Where is the aorta and its branches?

A
  • ascending within the pericardial sac
31
Q

Where does the aortic arch lie?

A
  • behind the manubrium sterni, in front of the trachea
  • arches upwards and backwards
  • becomes continuous with descending aorta at level of sternal angle
32
Q

What are the aortic branches?

A
  • brachiocephalic trunk
  • left common carotid
  • left subclavian
33
Q

What does the brachiocephalic trunk divide into ?

A

Into the right subclavian and the right common carotid

34
Q

Draw out the branches of the aortic arch. (6)

A
35
Q

What supplies blood to the head and the neck ?

A
  • brachiocephalic trunk
  • subclavian
  • common carotid
  • internal/external carotid
  • vertebral artery
36
Q

What are the main venous drainage of the head and neck

A
  • internal jugular vein
  • subclavian vein
  • brachiocephalic vein
37
Q

What are the upper limb arteries and label them.

A
  • subclavian
  • axillary
  • brachial
  • radial
  • ulnar
  • palmar arch/anastomosis

find diagram

38
Q

What are the arteries of the trunk and where do they lead?

A
  • IVC - RA of heart
  • oesophagus - anastomise with other vessels near oesophagus
  • aortic hiatus - located at the 12 vertebrae, opening for aorta and thoracic duct pass
  • coeliac trunk - branches into three major arteries (left gastric artery, common hepatic artery, splenic artery)
39
Q

What are the vessels of the trunk and label them.

A
  • abdominal aorta
  • coeliac trunk
  • superior mesenteric
  • renal
  • inferior mesentric
  • common iliac
  • external/internal iliac
  • IVC
40
Q

What is the femoral triangle ?

A

Wedge shaped depression formed by muscles in the upper thigh at the junction between the anterior abdominal wall and the lower limb

41
Q

Where does the femoral triangle sit ?

A
  • femoral nerve, artery, vein and lymphatics pass between the abdomen and lower limb under the inguinal ligament (lower border of the oblique abdominal muscle)
42
Q

What is the arrangement of the femoral triangle ?

A

Going from lateral to medial
- femoral nerve
- femoral artery
- femoral vein

43
Q

What is the deepest part of the femoral artery called?

A
  • profunda femoris / deep femoral (largest branch) §
44
Q

What is the popliteal artery ?

A
  • travels across the popliteal fossa and finally bifurcates into the anterior and posterior tibial
45
Q

What is the popliteal fossa ?

A

Diamond shaped depression located posterior to the knee joint

46
Q

Name some important nerves/vessles that pass through the popliteal fossa (3)

A

-2 terminal branches of the sciatic nerve
- popliteal vessels
- short saphenous vein

47
Q

What is the main nerve in the leg?

A

Tibial nerve

48
Q

List the blood vessels if the leg in order.

A
  • femoral artery passes through popliteal fossa
  • popliteal artery , branches off into:
  • posterior and anterior tibial artery
  • the anterior tibeal artery terminates as the dorsalis pedis on the dorsum of the foot
49
Q

What are the veins of the lower limb divided into and expand.

A
  • DEEP VEINS - located under the fascia of the lower limb, accompanying the major arteries
  • SUPERFICIAL VEINS - found in subcutaneous tissue, they eventually drain into deep veins
50
Q

What are the 2 major superficial veins ?

A
  • the great saphenous vein
  • the small saphenous vein
51
Q

What do the major superficial veins originate from?

A

Femoral artery

52
Q

Describe the major superficial veins.

A
  • the great saph. vein - ascends up the medial side of the leg, passing anterior to the ankle and posteriorly at the knee
  • the small saphenous vein - moves up the posterior side of the leg and empties into the popliteal vein in the popliteal fossa
53
Q

What does the Christa terminalis mark the position of ?

A

The site of the right venous valve of the developing heart

54
Q

Where is the sternal angle

A

T4/T5

55
Q

Where does IVC pass through in the diaphragm

A

T8

56
Q

Where does the oesophagus pass through in the diaphragm

A

T10

57
Q

Where does the aorta pass through the diaphragm

A

T12

58
Q

What is the median cubital vein used for?

A

Draw blood

anatomy 1 (5 decks)

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