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1st Year Anatomy Tips > gastrointestinal > Flashcards

gastrointestinal Flashcards

1
Q

all of the tongue muscles apart from one are innervated by which nerve

A

CNXII (hypoglossal)

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2
Q

which muscle is NOT innervated by CNXII

A

palatoglossus (innervated by vagus nerve CNX)

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3
Q

constrictor muscles (external layer of pharyngeal muscles) are innervated by what nerve

A

CNX - vagus nerve

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4
Q

inner longitudinal muscles of the pharynx are innervated by what nerves

A

CNIX (glossopharyngeal) and CNX (vagus)

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5
Q

stylopharyngeus is innervated by what nerve

A

CNIX - glossopharyngeal

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6
Q

what nerves stimulate the gag reflex

A

sensory - CNIX (glossopharyngeal)

motor - CNIX + CNX (glossopharyngeal and vagus)

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7
Q

what nerves supply the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue

A

general sensory - CNV(3) mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve
special sensory/taste - CNVII (facial)

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8
Q

what nerves supply the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue

A

general and special sensory - CNIX (glossopharyngeal)

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9
Q

muscles of the jaw that cause closing and opening are innervated by what nerve

A

CNV(3) - mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve

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10
Q

what muscles are involved in closing the jaw

A

masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid

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11
Q

what muscle is involved in opening the jaw

A

lateral pterygoid

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12
Q

what muscle plates are part of the sphenoid bone

A

pterygoid plates

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13
Q

what nerves supply parasympathetic innervation to the GI tract

A

vagus nerve - up to the distal end of the transverse colon

pelvic splanchnic nerves - (S2, S3, S4) from the descending colon to the anal canal

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14
Q

what are the visceral afferent fibres to the foregut

A

T6-T9

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15
Q

what are the visceral afferent fibres to the midgut

A

T8-T12

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16
Q

what are the visceral afferent fibres to the hindgut

A

T10-L2

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17
Q

what is the function of the gallbladder

A

stores and concentrates bile

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18
Q

what is the first branch of the abdominal aorta, at what vertebral level and what does it supply

A

coeliac trunk, at T12, foregut organs

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19
Q

describe the course of the splenic artery

A

tortuous course, runs along the superior aspect of the pancreas

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20
Q

function of spleen

A

spleen breaks down red blood cells to produce bilirubin

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21
Q

what ribs protect the spleen

A

ribs 9-11

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22
Q

what is the blood supply and venous drainage of the foregut

A

blood supply - coeliac trunk

venous drainage drainage - splenic vein

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23
Q

what is the blood supply and venous drainage of the midgut

A

blood supply - superior mesenteric artery

venous drainage - superior mesenteric vein

24
Q

what is the blood supply and venous drainage of the hindgut

A

blood supply - inferior mesenteric artery

venous drainage - inferior mesenteric vein

25
Q

what arteries supply blood to the stomach

A

lesser curvature - right (from hepatic artery) and left (from coeliac trunk) gastric arteries
greater curvature - right (from gastroduodenal branch of hepatic artery) and left (from splenic artery) gastro-omental arteries

26
Q

what ribs does the liver lie deep to

A

ribs 7-11

27
Q

what are the 4 liver lobes

A

right, left, caudate, quadrate

28
Q

what is the blood supply to the gallbladder

A

cystic artery

29
Q

what is the name of the space between the liver and diaphragm

A

subphrenic recess

30
Q

what is the name of the space under the liver

A

hepatorenal recess

31
Q

what does the portal triad consist of

A

hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery, common bile duct

32
Q

what is the location of where the bile duct joins the pancreatic duct called

A

they join to form the ampulla of vater

33
Q

what is jaundice caused by

A

increase in blood levels of bilirubin

34
Q

what is the blood supply to the pancreas

A
  • pancreatic branches of splenic arteries

- superior (from gastroduodenal branch of hepatic artery) and inferior (from SMA) pancreaticoduodenal arteries

35
Q

is the duodenum intra or retro peritoneal

A

first part - intraperitoneal

second, third and fourth parts = retroperitoneal

36
Q

what are the paracolic gutters

A

spaces between the colon and the abdominal wall (left and right lateral paracolic gutters), part of the greater sac

37
Q

what is McBurney’s point and where is it located

A

the appendiceal orifice, located on the posteromedial wall of the caecum, 1/3rd of the way between the ASIS and the umbilicus

38
Q

what vertebral level does the abdominal aorta bifurcate at

A

L4, bifurcates into common iliacs

39
Q

what is the blood supply to the rectum and anal canal

A 
hindgut part - superior rectal artery from IMA
somatic part (below pectinate line) - middle and inferior rectal arteries from the internal iliac artery
40
Q

what is the main arterial anastomosis in the large intestine called

A

marginal artery of drummond

41
Q

what is the main anastomosis in the small intestine called

A

arterial arcade

42
Q

what are the 3 important sites of portal-systemic anastomoses

A
  • distal end of the oesophagus
  • skin around the umbilicus
  • rectum/anal canal
43
Q

what muscle is the pelvic floor

A

levator ani muscle

44
Q

where does the sigmoid colon becomes the rectum

A

rectosigmoid junction, anterior to S3

45
Q

where does the rectum become the anal canal

A

anterior to the tip of the coccyx

46
Q

what are the 3 muscles associated with levator ani

A
  • iliococcygeus
  • pubococcygeus
  • puborectalis
47
Q

what is the nerve supply to the levator ani

A
  • a branch of the sacral plexus, S3, S4

- pudendal nerve (S2, S3, S4)

48
Q

what is the function of the pudendal nerve

A

contraction of the external anal sphincter

49
Q

what is the phrase to describe the nerve root of the pudendal nerve

A

S2, 3, 4 keeps the pelvis off the floor

50
Q

what is the lymphatic drainage for the structures above the pectinate line

A

inferior mesenteric nodes

51
Q

what is the lymphatic drainage for structures below the pectinate line

A

superficial inguinal nodes

52
Q

what is the venous drainage structures below the pectinate line

A

internal iliac vein

53
Q

what is the venous drainage for structures above the pectinate line

A

inferior mesenteric artery

54
Q

where is the ischioanal fossae

A

either side of the anal canal

55
Q

what does bile from the liver travel through

A

common hepatic duct

56
Q

bile from the gallbladder travels through what

A

cystic duct into common bile duct

1st Year Anatomy Tips (3 decks)

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