Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medicine > Gastroenterology > Flashcards

Gastroenterology Flashcards

1
Q

Signs of peritonitis?

A 
Tender
Reflex guarding
Absent bowel sounds
Pyrexia
Percussion tenderness
Extremely unwell
Distant local sign (e.g.rosvig's sign)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Main causes of obstruction?

A

Tumours, adhesions, hernia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Signs of shock?

A 
Pale, sweaty ISHOCKS
Increased respiratory rate
Sinus tachycardia
Hypotension 
Oliguria
Cold
Klammy
Slow capillary refill
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Signs of severe shock

A

Acidotic, confused, cyanotic (blue)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Types of shock

A

Distributive
Hypovolaemic
Cardiogenic
Obstructive (e.g. PE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Signs of intestinal obstruction

A

Abdominal pain
Vomiting
Distention
Absolute constipation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Modified hartmann’s v hartmann’s procedure?

A

Modified: cross-staple rectum
Original: rectum brought out to make a fistula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is an anterior resection?

A

Resection of ‘high’ rectal cancer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Anterior resection v. Abdominal-perineal resection?

A

AP resection (abdomino-perineal) is for a low rectal cancer: creates an imperforate anus and end colostomy. Anterior resection = no stoma, anastomose colon, needs around 4-5cm from anal verge before cancer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Complications of stomps

A 
Fluid losses
Odour
Ulcer
Leak
Stenosis
Hernias and prolapse
Ischaemia
Terminal ileum losses (B12, bile salts absorption) 
Sexual/psych problems.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Indication for end ileostomy?

A

Extensive ulcerative colitis, large bowel crohn’s, familial polyposis coli => panproctocolectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Screening bloods for malabsorption?

A 
MCV, CRP, Vit B12, Red cell folate, ferritin.
Albumin, Immunoglobulins
Magnesium
Alk Phos
Vit D, PTH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Tests for fat malabsorption?

A

Glucose hydrogen breath test, lactulose hydrogen breath test, C13 breath test.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Features of bacterial overgrowth malabsorption?

A

Fat malabsorption, Vit ADE def, Mg def,

Excess: folate, Vit K, colonic SCFA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Specific features of pancreatic exocrine deficiency?

A

Fat malabsorption, Vit ADEK def

Excess: colonic SCFA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which HLA type is associated with coeliac disease?

A

HLA DQ2 or DQ8 (>95% of coeliacs are one of these)

17
Q

Markers of Coeliac disease?

A

Anti- TTG
Anti-endomysial antibody
Serum IgA
IgA and IgG anti-gliadin antibody

18
Q

Complications of coeliac disease:

A

2x long term risk of malignant disease (usually T cell intestinal lymphomas) Other inc: GI, breast carcinomas, or oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma

19
Q

Conditions associated with coeliac disease?

A

Lymphocytic gastritis, selective IgA deficiency, T1DM, Sjögren’s syndrome, autoimmune thyroiditis.

20
Q

Causes of acute pancreatitis?

A 
Gallstones
Ethanol
Trauma
Steroids/smoking
Mumps (and other viruses)
Autoimmune
Scorpion sting
Hyperlipidaemia, hypothermia, hyperparathyroidism
ERCP
Drugs: azathioprine, valproate, cytotoxic
21
Q

Causes of chronic pancreatitis?

A

Alcohol
Smoking
Obstruction: tumour, trauma, cystic fibrosis, developmental abnormality
Premature enzyme activation: mutation of trypsin
Recurrent acute pancreatitis

22
Q

Causes of inflammatory gastroenteritis

A 
CESSY
Campylobacter
E. Coli 0157
Shigella
Salmonella
Yersinia
23
Q

Causes of acute (watery) diarrhoea

A

Viruses: Norovirus, rotavirus
Bacteria: Vibrio cholera, ETEC, EPEC
(salmonella, C. Dificile, campylobacter)
Parasites: giardia, cryptosporidium

24
Q

Part of gut affected by watery diarrhoeal illness?

A

Jejunum

25
Q

Causes of chronic watery diarrhoea

A

C. Dificile
Campylobacter
Giardia
Cryptosporidium

26
Q

Approx time for acute v chronic diarrhoea

A

<14 or >14d

27
Q

Causes of dysentery

A 
C.dificile + Campylobacter
E. Coli o157
Shigella
Salmonella
Yersinia + Entamoeba histolyticus
(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)
28
Q

Is smoking protective for UC or Crohn’s

A

UC

29
Q

Signs of peritonitis?

A 
TRAPPED
Tender
Reflex guarding
Absent bowel astounds
Pyrexia
Percussion pain
Extremely unwell
Distant-local sign (e.g. Rosvig's)
30
Q

Management of acute pancreatitis?

A

Ix: FBC, U+E, amylase, Supine AXR, erect CXR
Drip and suck; IV fluids, NBM, NG tube
Pain control ±IV antibiotics if severe

31
Q

Modified Glasgow Scoring System for pancreatitis?

A 
8 features in first 24h = prognostic (severe attack≥3). (NOT serum amylase) PANCREAS
PaO2 <9
Albumin <32
Neutrophils/WCC >15
Calcium <2
Renal function (urea>16)
Enzymes AST>200
Glucose >10
32
Q

Causes of splenomegaly?

A

Mild: glandular fever, rheumatoid, myeloproliferative (polycythemia rubra vera), pernicious anaemia,
Moderate: lymphoma, CLL, portal HTN, haemolytic anaemia (esp congenital)
Massive: myelofibrosis, CML, chronic malaria

33
Q

Post splenectomy management:

A

Pneumococcal vaccine
Meningococcal vaccine B and C
HIB (Haemophilus B) vaccine
Pen V 250mg BD for at least 2y (usually life)
Medicalert bracelet/card + counsel re fever.

34
Q

Causes of unilateral kidney enlargement?

A

Renal cell carcinoma (Wilms in kids)
Hydronephrosis (obstruction)
Simple cyst
Asymmetrical polycystic disease

Medicine (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions