Gastroenterology Flashcards
Pernicious anemia results in destruction of which gastric layer?
destruction of parietal cells found in upper glandular layer of the gastric body/fundus
What hormone is the central regulator of iron homeostasis? What is it secreted by?
hepcidin
hepatic parenchymal cells
What is Hirschsprung’s disease?
congenital paralysis of a section of the large bowel
leading to bowel obstruction
this typically occurs in the distal colon section
the atonic section is narrowed + the proximal bowel section is dilated
What are the features of Meckel’s diverticulum?
presents at 2 years old initially w/ melena then upper abdo pain
caused by a defect in embryogenesis causing a diverticulum in SI
What is the process of bilirubin metabolism?
- heme
- heme oxygenase into biliverdin
- biliverdin reductase into unconjugated bilirubin
- glucuronyl transferase into conjugated bilirubin
What are the branches of the celiac trunk? “Cap needs to Cut Stark Loose”
common hepatic artery
splenic artery
left gastric artery
What are the branches of the SMA? “IPlead Mildred’s Righteous Indignation”
Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
Middle colic artery
Right colic artery
Ileocolic artery
What is nutcracker syndrome?
when the left renal vein becomes compressed as it travels between the A.A. and the SMA
What are the branches of the IMA? “I think Lucy Says Shit”
Left colic artery
sigmoid artery
superior rectal artery
What is the significance of the left colic artery?
supplies the splenic flexure, which is a watershed area prone to ischemia
What are the types of hernias?
epigastric
incisional
spigelian: protrudes through Spigelian fascia
umbilical
direct inguinal
indirect inguinal
femoral
What is the most important risk factor for developing pancreatic cancer?
smoking
What are the virulence factors of C. diff colitis?
toxins A + B interfere with integrity of cytoskeleton
causes inflammation
Which cells are most responsible to insulin?
muscle (myocytes)
hepatocytes
then intestinal tubular cells
