Cardiovascular Flashcards
Hypotension causes baroreceptor _____. Detail the physiology of this process
activation
leads to increased SNS activity –> + adrenal medulla secretion of catecholamines –> cardiac stimulation –> increased HR + increased contractility –> increased blood pressure
When does someone develop the non-progressive stage of shock?
when the RAAS system + baroreceptor activation are insufficient to raise BP
What are the ECG changes associated w/ transmural ischemia?
ST elevation
when the full thickness of the heart wall is damaged
What are the ECG changes associated w/ subendocardial ischemia?
ST depression
T wave inversion
when the zone of necrosis is limited
What are the cellular changes which occurs 3-4 days after an MI?
infiltration of neutrophils in the interstitial space
What are the cellular changes which occurs 7-10 days after an MI?
almost finished removal of necrotic fibres by neutrophils/macrophages (a lot of dark spots)
presence of fibrous tissue
What are the cellular changes which occurs 3 weeks after an MI?
Early collagen deposition (reminder, stains blue)
less dark stained spots
What are the cellular changes which occurs 7 weeks after an MI?
increased collagen deposition
decreased cellularity
a lot of fibrosis + scarring
Acute bacterial endocarditis is caused by ____ in which population?
staph aureus
IV drug users
Subacute bacterial endocarditis is caused by ____ in which patient population?
strep viridans (oral) or strep epidermidis
recent oral surgery patients or post prosthetic valve insertion
What cardiac defect is most associated with Turner syndrome?
bicuspid aortic valve
What is pulsus paridoxus?
decreased systolic blood pressure > 10 mmHg upon inspiration
